Communicative Competence and the Use of Prestored Text

描述：(申请人提供)：使用基于发音的补充和替代通信(AAC)系统的严重言语障碍人士在传递消息时被迫做出不太理想的选择，导致通信在消息传递速度或消息内容的适当性方面存在缺陷。这些选择涉及违反一条对话规则以满足另一条规则。在上一次赠款期间开发并初步测试的AAC对话权衡选择的工作模型，确定了特定权衡选择的相对影响，该选择涉及公共服务提供商对成年AAC系统用户的态度及其在书店环境中的沟通的选定规则。在这种情况下，涉及每个规则违反的特定程度的权衡选择的层次结构出现了。拟议研究的具体目的是测试在给定规则违规类型内和跨多个公共设置的多个违规程度上所获得的层级的泛化。这将首先通过一个实验来实现，该实验试图确定改变给定类型违规的程度(即冗余、消息传递速度、过多的信息、不充分的信息和相关性)是否会改变其在层次结构中的位置。接下来，一系列实验将确定在五个不同的公共环境中，层次结构在多大程度上概括为AAC交互，每个公共环境都与特定的功能不同。参与者对每个实验中的违规行为的应急反应将作为理解这些违规行为是如何管理的第一步。不管要评估的变量是什么，预计相同的权衡选择层次将是显而易见的，这样一些选择将比其他选择对公众对AAC用户及其沟通的态度产生更有利的影响。调查结果将指导未来的系统开发，以支持对用户和合作伙伴在处理违规行为方面最有效的战略，从而大大有助于用户成功地实现独立、接受和融入社会。这一发现也将有助于语用学理论的进步。其长期目标是在AAC中形成一种会话权衡选择和修复的理论，以更好地理解偏离交际行为在常规行为预期适用的情况下的影响，从而为基于话语的系统开发适当的技术。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant): People with severe speech impairments who use utterance-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are forced to make less than optimal choices when delivering messages, resulting in communication that is flawed with respect to either the speed of message delivery or the appropriateness of message content. These choices involve a violation of one conversational rule to satisfy another. A working model of conversational trade-off choices in AAC, developed and initially tested during the previous grant period, identifies the relative effects of specific trade-off choices involving selected rules on attitudes of public service providers toward adult AAC system users and their communication in a bookstore setting. A hierarchy of trade-off choices involving a particular degree of each rule violation emerged in this setting. The specific aim of the proposed research is to test the generalization of the obtained hierarchy across multiple degrees of violation within a given rule violation type and across multiple public settings. This will be accomplished first by an experiment seeking to determine whether altering the degrees of a given type of violation (i.e., redundancy, speed of message delivery, excessive information, inadequate information, and relevance) will change its position along the hierarchy. Next, a series of experiments will determine the extent to which the hierarchy generalizes to AAC interactions in five different public settings, each differing with respect to particular features. Participant contingent responses to the violations in each experiment will be obtained as an initial step in understanding how these violations are managed. Regardless of the variables to be evaluated, it is predicted that the same hierarchy of trade-off choices will be evident, such that some will have a more favorable effect than others on public attitudes toward AAC users and their communication. The findings will guide future systems development to support the strategies that will be most effective for the user and partner in dealing with rule violations, thereby significantly contributing to the user's success in achieving independence, acceptance, and inclusion in society. The findings will also contribute to advances in pragmatic theory. The long-term goal is to formulate a theory of conversational trade-off choices and repair in AAC to better understand the effects of deviant communicative behavior in situations where expectations of conventional behavior apply so that appropriate technologies for utterance-based systems can be developed.