Chemical Intervention Strategies

对我们环境质量和安全的关切使人们日益认识到超级基金场地地下水和（最近）供人类消费的饮用水和食品中各种有机和金属污染物的危害。许多这些优先环境污染物（EC）可能对健康产生严重和长期的影响。问题的范围更广，因为EC通常以复杂的混合物形式出现，其毒性和相互作用尚不明确。显然，采取适当和切实可行的干预战略，对受污染的食物和水进行补救，并预防EC引起的人类疾病，是高度优先事项。在这个项目中，我们的具体目标有四个方面，并基于中心假设，即可以开发有效的基于山梨醇的干预措施，以显着减少暴露（和风险）从EC污染的水和食品。本实验的主要目的是寻找和研究具有高亲和性的吸附剂和多功能结合剂，以修复地下水中的ECs（即多环芳烃、氯化有机物和有毒金属），通过水净化或通过饮食进行肠道吸附治疗。粘合剂将包括各种粘土和沸石矿物、生物聚合物和基于抗体的材料，以及化学改性的类似物和最佳复合材料混合物。此外，“铁浸渍”和“改性粘土封装”壳聚糖凝胶珠和类似物将开发和测试其螯合砷和TCDD从水溶液中的能力，并为他们的效力，防止毒性的砷和TCDD在子宫内。在项目间合作中，叶酸转运缺陷小鼠和Ah/R基因敲除小鼠将分别用作砷和TCDD的遗传敏感模型。!在这些研究中，我们将确定作为膳食补充剂提供的优先肠吸附剂是否可以在以下情况下拯救小鼠免于致畸和发育毒性： 受到砷酸钠和TCDD的挑战。该项目的长期目标是提供创新的化学和生物干预措施，通过减少人类和动物接触水和食物中的高优先级EC来加强环境风险管理。

Concerns about the quality and safety of our environment have evoked a growing awareness of the hazards associated with diverse organic and metal pollutants in groundwater from Superfund sites and (more recently) drinking water and foods destined for human consumption. Many of these prioritized environmental contaminants (ECs) can have severe and long lasting effects on health. The scope of the problem is broader still, since ECs routinely occur as complex mixtures, the toxicities and interactions of which are ill-defined. Clearly, appropriate and practical intervention strategies for the remediation of contaminated food and water and the prevention of EC-induced disease in humans are high priorities. In this project, our specific aims are fourfold, and based on the central hypothesis that effective sorbent-based interventions can be developed to significantly diminish exposure (and risk) from EC-contaminated water and food. It is further postulated that EC-selective composite media and optimal binding agents can be developed to purify groundwater, as well as diminish the bioavailability of ECs from the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals when included in the diet, Our experiments will focus on identifying and investigating high affinity sorbents and multifunctional binding agents for the remediation of ECs (i.e. PAHs, chlorinated organics, and toxic metals) via water purification or by enterosorbent therapy through the diet. Binding agents will encompass a variety of clay and zeolitic minerals, biopolymers, and antibody-based materials, as well as chemically modified analogs and optimal composite mixtures. Also, "iron-impregnated" and "amended clay-encapsulated" chitosan gel beads and analogs will be developed and tested for their ability to sequester arsenic and TCDD from aqueous solutions and for their efficacy in preventing the toxicity of arsenic and TCDD in utero. In inter-project collaboration, folate transport deficient mice and Ah/R knockout mice will be used as genetically sensitive models for arsenic and TCDD, respectively. !n these studies, we will determine if prioritized enterosorbents, provided as dietary supplements, can rescue mice from teratogenesis and developmental toxicity when challenged by sodium arsenate and TCDD. The long-term goal of this project is to provide innovative chemical and biological interventions that will enhance environmental risk management by reducing exposure of humans and animals to high priority ECs from water and food.