GENETIC MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL COLONIES

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。目的：利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增的约75个DNA位点，在系统发育背景下比较中国、印度和东南亚不同亚种猕猴（即与其他六种猕猴）的地理代表性样本的基因型或表型，以确定这些类群的遗传特征。这些遗传差异将在猕猴的不同等级水平（如区域种群、亚种、原产国、种）之间进行比较，利用基因多样性和系统发育方法评估其生物学意义，并将每个分类群与彼此相关的特定标记等位基因进行遗传表征。待研究的基因座包括广泛分布在所有染色体上的中性短串联重复（STR）基因座、mt DNA、y染色体单倍型以及影响免疫反应的I类和II类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）基因座。目前正在使用的将未知来源的样本分配到正确的亚种、地理区域或原产国的程序，将通过本拨款申请产生的新种群样本和遗传数据得到极大改进。这项拨款申请为所有NHP育种设施提供的服务包括：使用15个最具信息的STR基因座对恒河猴进行分型，建立谱系，利用这些数据估计遗传参数，如有效种群规模、近交和平均亲缘系数、基因多样性，生成单个动物的遗传图谱，进行父系排除分析，以估计雄性育种者和特定起源谱系的相对繁殖成功率。并利用上述分配程序和本研究过程中确定的分类群特异性遗传标记，对来源不明的样品进行原产国和亚种的鉴定。此外，将根据美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）支持的每个特定无病原体（SPF）繁殖群体的独特设施制定具体建议，并提供给每个群体，以促进遗传异质性的维持

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Objective: The genotypes or phenotypes of geographically representative samples of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, of different subspecies of Chinese, Indian, and southeast Asian origin will be compared in phylogenetic context (i.e., together with those of six other species of macaques) using approximately 75 DNA loci, amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to genetically characterize these taxa. These genetic differences will be compared among various hierarchical levels (e.g. regional populations, subspecies, countries of origin, species) of macaques to assess their biological significance using gene diversity and phylogenetic methods and each taxa will be genetically characterized with specific marker alleles relative to each other. The loci to be studied include neutral short tandem repeat (STR) loci widely dispersed over all chromosomes, mt DNA, a Y-chromosome haplotype,and both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci which influence immune responsiveness. A program to assign samples of unknown provenience to their correct subspecies, geographic region or country of origin, now in use, will be substantially improved using the new population samples and genetic data generated by this grant application. Services provided to all NHP breeding facilities by this grant application include typing rhesus macaques using 15 most informative STR loci to establish pedigrees, the use of these data to estimate genetic parameters such as effective population size, inbreeding and average kinship coefficients, gene diversity, generate a genetic profile of individual animals, conduct paternity exclusion analysis for estimating relative reproductive success of male breeders and specific founding lineages, and the use of the aforementioned assignment program and taxa-specific genetic markers identified during the course of this study to identify the country of origin and subspecies of samples of unknown origin. In addition, specific recommendations tailored to the unique facilities at each specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding colony supported by the National Institutes of Health will be prepared and provided to each colony to facilitate maintenance of genetic heterogeneity