THE EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM OVERFEEDING ON INTAKE

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。拟议研究项目的目标是更好地了解短期过度进食对摄入和进食行为的影响，在我们目前的环境中，过量摄入和减少活动，与那些似乎对肥胖有抵抗力的人相比，这些人容易肥胖。在美国，肥胖是一个日益严重的公共健康问题。肥胖日益流行背后的生物学过程尚未得到明确定义，但可能涉及环境因素（食物摄入过多和体力活动减少）与基因上“有风险”的个体体重调节生物系统之间的错误相互作用。在我们目前的环境中，那些基因上倾向于偏瘦的人可能比那些倾向于肥胖的人更能快速、准确地感知和应对过量的热量摄入。与肥胖倾向个体相比，肥胖抵抗个体会更有效地感受到与3天过量喂养相关的正能量平衡，表现为更高的饱腹感，更低的饥饿感和进食欲望，以及过量喂养后自发食物摄入量的减少。据推测，肥胖抵抗个体在3天的过度喂食后，会比肥胖倾向个体更有效地感知多余的卡路里，表现为更高的饱腹感，更低的饥饿感和进食欲望，以及过度喂食后自发食物摄入量的减少。最终的结果是，这些机制将保护瘦人免于过度增重。为了验证这些观点，研究人员提出了在控制饮食和3天过量喂养（每天过量摄入50%的热量）后，对肥胖抵抗性和肥胖易感个体进行摄入研究。具体而言，将研究过度摄食对自由能量摄入的影响以及饥饿和饱腹感的测量。这些研究将提供对体重增加和恢复的生物学倾向的见解，并将为肥胖和肥胖前期个体中存在的异常的未来研究奠定基础。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The goal of the proposed research project is to gain a better understanding of the effects of short-term overfeeding on intake and feeding behavior in individuals who are prone to obesity as compared to individuals who appear to be resistant to obesity in our current environment of excessive intake and reduced activity. Obesity is a serious and growing public health problem in the United States. The biological processes that underlie this increasing prevalence of obesity have not been clearly defined but likely involve faulty interactions between environmental factors (excess food intake and reduced physical activity) and biological systems of weight regulation in individuals who are genetically "at risk." Individuals who are genetically predisposed to being lean in our current environment may be able to sense and respond to excess caloric intake more rapidly and accurately than those predisposed to obesity. As compared to obese prone individuals, obese resistant individuals will sense the positive energy balance associated with 3 days of overfeeding more effectively as manifested by higher ratings of satiety, lower ratings of hunger and desire to eat and reduced spontaneous food intake following overfeeding. It is hypothesized that obese resistant individuals will respond to 3 days of overfeeding by sensing the excess calories more effectively than obese prone individuals, as manifested by higher ratings of satiety, lower ratings of hunger and desire to eat and reduced spontaneous food intake following overfeeding. The end result is that these mechanisms will protect lean individuals from excessive weight gain. To test these ideas, intake studies on obese resistant and obese prone individuals after a control diet and after a 3-day period of overfeeding (50% excess caloric intake per day) are proposed. Specifically, studies on the effects of overfeeding on the ad-libitum energy intake and measures of hunger and satiety will be performed. These studies will provide insight into the biology that predisposes to weight gain and regain and will lay the groundwork for future studies of the abnormalities that exist in obese and pre-obese individuals.