Engaging African Communities for the HapMap Project

单倍型图谱(HapMap)项目是一个国际合作项目，旨在制作单倍型图谱 人类基因组。HapMap有望成为更有效的全基因组扫描的关键资源 将遗传变异与表型变异联系起来，特别是在疾病风险和药物反应方面。这个 整个项目将包括一些组成部分，包括社区参与、采血 来自不同人群的样本，这些样本的基因分型，以及结果数据的分析。 已经确定了几个特定的国内和国际人群参与HapMap 项目，并将参与相关的社区参与和样本收集程序。当前 国际抽样计划包括非洲三个地理区域的人口。因为其中一位 霍华德大学国家人类基因组中心的主要目标是表征 非洲人群的DNA序列变异[非洲散居人口的基因组研究(GRAD)] 倡议]，该中心正在为非洲人民参与HapMap项目提供领导。 因此，NHGC参与HapMap项目将提供机会来解决 共同变异体的特征，作为非洲人口总变异体的组成部分。它 还将有助于增进对政治、经济、宗教和文化因素的了解 在这些人群中影响对遗传学/基因组研究的观点和决策。 这项提议的目标是让西非、东部和南部非洲的社区参与进来，以便获得 参加HapMap项目和第一阶段学位的适当批准和同意。 具体目标包括：1)在尼日利亚设计一个符合文化需要的社区参与程序， 肯尼亚和南非考虑单倍型发展的风险、好处和相关性 人类基因组图谱和GRAD的实施；2)采集社区生物样本 肯尼亚、尼日利亚和南非的HapMap和Grad项目成员；以及3)制定 关于单倍型测绘倡议和学位的持续社区反馈机制。

The Haplotype Map (HapMap) Project is an international collaborative project to produce a haplotype map of the human genome. The HapMap is expected to be a key resource for more efficient genome-wide scans associating genetic variation with phenotypic variation, particularly in disease risk and drug response. The overall project will include a number of components, including community engagement, collection of blood samples from various populations, genotyping of these samples, and analysis of the resulting data. Several specific domestic and intemational populations have been identified for participation in the HapMap project, and will be involved in relevant community engagement and sample collection procedures. Current international sampling plans include populations in three geographic regions in Africa. Since one of the major objectives of the National Human Genome Center (NHGC) at Howard University is characterization of DNA sequence variation in African populations [the =Genomic Research in the African Diaspora (GRAD)" Initiative], the Center is providing leadership for the engagement of African people in the HapMap Project. Thus, the NHGC's participation in the HapMap project will provide the opportunity to address the characterization of common variants, as a component of the total profile of variation in African populations. It will also facilitate increased understanding of the political, economic, religious, and cultural factors that influence perspectives on and decision-making about genetics/genome research in these populations. The goal of this proposal is to engage communities in west, east, and southern Africa in order to obtain appropriate approval and consent for participation in the HapMap Project and Phase I GRAD. Specific aims include: 1) design a culturally appropriate process of community engagement in Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa for considering the risks, benefits, and relevance of the development of a haplotype map of the human genome and the implementation of GRAD; 2) collect biological samples from community members in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa for the HapMap and GRAD projects; and 3) develop mechanisms for ongoing community feedback regarding the haplotype mapping initiative and GRAD.