Synthesis of Macrolides, Steroids, Cyclopentanoids, etc.

描述（由申请人提供）：在分子水平上探索生物学现象提供了理解新治疗剂来源的基础。构建确定的分子结构的能力需要高度选择性的反应和试剂，以允许开发有效的合成策略。环状化合物具有广谱的生物活性。此外，通过形成环来限制移动的分子的构象也经常增强生物学效力。因此，将这些实验室开发的新化学原理应用于环的形成成为一个重要目标。通过简单的一次操作获得吡喃的两种新方法依赖于钯和/或钌催化的环加成样策略可能导致含有这种亚基的生物活性靶标，如dactyloxacin和bryostatin。降冰片烷型底物的前所未有的环加成将是一个主要的焦点，这可能导致大量生物活性分子的结构基序如此常见，从离子通道阻滞剂如grayanotoxin到抗炎剂如ramaswaralide。涉及在一个步骤中创建三环的级联反应可以提供快速进入到复杂的靶标，如guanacastepene。化学反应性中间体的钯络合物形成包括五、七和甚至九个成员的奇数元环的反应性和选择性可以导致具有强效抗蠕虫和抗线虫霉菌代谢物的化合物家族的策略，范围为角鲨烯合酶和Ras法呢基转移抑制剂。一个新的概念，在高浓度的大环化合物的合成将检查的背景下，抗肿瘤amphidinandine和免疫抑制ushikulide家庭。这些新的合成方法适用于许多结构类型，超出了那些说明，并构成了一个重要的更容易获得复杂的分子目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exploring biological phenomena at a molecular level provides the basis of understanding from which new therapeutic agents derive. The ability to construct a defined molecular architecture requires highly selective reactions and reagents to permit the development of effective synthetic strategies. Cyclic compounds have biological activities across a broad spectrum. Furthermore, constraining conformations of mobile molecules by forming rings also frequently enhances biological potency. Thus, a concerted effort to apply new chemical principles being developed in these laboratories to the formation of rings becomes an important objective. Two new methods for accessing pyrans by simple one operation cycloaddition - like strategy relying on palladium and / or ruthenium catalysis may lead to biologically active targets containing such subunits illustrated by dactyolide and the bryostatins. Unprecedented cycloadditions of norcarane type substrates will be a major focus that may lead to a structural motif so common to a great number of bioactive molecules ranging from ion channel blockers like grayanotoxin to anti-inflammatories like ramaswaralide. Cascade reactions involving creation of three rings in one step can provide rapid entry to complex targets like guanacastepene. The reactivity and selectivity of palladium complexes of chemically reactive intermediates to form odd membered rings including five, seven and even nine members can lead to strategies to families of compounds possessing powerful antihelmintic and antinematodol mold metabolites ranging to squalene synthase and Ras farnesyl transfer inhibitors. A new concept for the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds at high concentrations will be examined in the context of the antitumor amphidinolide and the immunosuppressive ushikulide families. These new synthetic methods apply to many structural types beyond those illustrated and constitutes a significant to gain access to complex molecular targets more easily.