Parenting and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in Context

旨在减少青少年健康风险的干预措施往往以养育子女和家庭功能为目标。 然而，生态学方法表明，旨在改善家庭功能的干预措施， 专门针对家庭的干预措施可能不如针对引起家庭暴力的背景的干预措施有效。 家庭功能失调根据这一观点，以及越来越多的证据表明， 居住对家庭动态和青少年健康有重要影响，拟议的研究将 研究青少年健康风险行为及其在社区背景下的家庭背景。使用 数据来自芝加哥社区人类发展项目（PHDCN）--一项创新研究 专门设计研究青少年发展的背景下，城市社区-我们将 使用多层次模型解决以下研究问题：（1）邻域是否无组织 (e.g.,贫困，犯罪，社会障碍）预测青少年健康风险行为（物质使用，犯罪， 危险的性行为）？家庭功能障碍（无效的养育，家庭冲突，父母抑郁， 父母健康风险行为）解释邻里关系混乱和青少年之间的联系 危害健康的行为？(2)背景支持（同伴社会支持和机构资源）是否提供了 缓冲邻里关系的混乱对家庭功能的不利影响？(3)做上下文相关的 支持（邻里集体效能、家庭外社会支持、制度资源）提供缓冲 家庭功能障碍对青少年健康风险行为的不良影响？总而言之，拟议的 这项研究将审查未来干预措施可能针对的三个背景领域： 邻里组织混乱，父母的支持系统，和青少年的支持系统。述样品是 来自芝加哥的社会经济和种族/民族多样化的青少年群体（n = 2，344）。青少年， 在基线时年龄为9岁、12岁或15岁，他们的父母在6年内接受了3次采访。 社区层面的信息来自对居民的单独调查，以及观察评级 由受过训练的数据收集员制作。

Interventions designed to reduce adolescent health risks often target parenting and family functioning. However, an ecological approach would suggest that interventions aimed at improving family functioning that exclusively target the family may be less efficient than interventions that target the contexts that give rise to family dysfunction. In keeping with this perspective, and in light of growing evidence that neighborhood residence has significant implications for family dynamics and adolescent health, the proposed study will examine adolescent health risk behaviors and their familial antecedents in the context of neighborhoods. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) — an innovative study designed specifically to study adolescent development in the context of urban neighborhoods — we will address the following research questions using multilevel modeling: (1) Does neighborhood disorganization (e.g., poverty, crime, social disorder) predict adolescent health risk behaviors (substance use, delinquency, risky sexual behavior)? Does family dysfunction (ineffective parenting, family conflict, parent depression, parent health risk behaviors) explain associations between neighborhood disorganization and adolescent health risk behaviors? (2) Do contextual supports (peer social support and institutional resources) provide a buffer against the adverse effects of neighborhood disorganization on family functioning? (3) Do contextual supports (neighborhood collective efficacy, extra-familial social support, institutional resources) provide a buffer against the adverse effects of family dysfunction on adolescent health risk behaviors? In sum, the proposed study will examine three contextual domains that could potentially be targeted in future interventions: neighborhood disorganization, parents’ support systems, and adolescents’ support systems. The sample is a socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse group of adolescents from Chicago (n = 2,344). Adolescents, who were aged 9, 12 or 15 at baseline, and their parents were interviewed 3 times over 6 years. Neighborhood-level information comes from a separate survey of residents, as well as observational ratings made by trained data collectors.