The Norwegian Mother And Child Study: Environmental Specimen Collection

挪威母婴队列研究（MoBa）是一项正在进行的prebirt队列研究。 入组于2008年完成，研究中有106，980例妊娠。这项研究是基于母亲和父亲完成的问卷调查，并从母亲，父亲和孩子身上收集生物标本。这项研究的主要目的是找出疾病的原因。 NIEHS为这项研究提供了部分支持，并在2002年扩大了数据收集方案，包括在怀孕第17周期间从母亲那里收集更多的生物标本（额外的血清，在无微量元素容器中收集的全血标本和尿液）。 这些样本将提高研究环境暴露与儿童及其母亲各种健康结果之间关系的能力。 截至2009年4月30日，77，104例受试者提供了与NIEHS联合采集的血液和尿液。 在过去的一年里，为了准备在MoBa上进行一项新的研究，我们发表了一篇关于各种实验室测量我们计划研究的一组环境污染物全氟烷基的能力的论文。 我们还发表了一份关于MoBa母亲尿液中3种环境污染物水平的报告：有机磷农药，双酚A和邻苯二甲酸酯。 双酚A和有机磷农药代谢物的水平高于美国，使MoBa资源成为研究相关健康结果的特别有价值的环境。 我们在MoBa方案中增加了一部分女性在妊娠第23周和第29周采集额外尿液标本的内容。 690名妇女有一套完整的三个尿液标本从怀孕。 我们写了一份协议来测量这些标本中有机磷农药和双酚A的代谢物水平，以确定这些水平的可重复性;这些标本现在正在分析中。 这些信息将有助于我们计划未来的研究与健康结果的关联。 我们还制定了一项方案，以检查MoBa队列中女性的全氟烷基与怀孕时间的关系。 标本分析将于今年秋天开始。 由于这项研究处于相对早期的阶段，科学报告的数量仍然有限。 在NIEHS，我们正在开发几项将嵌入MoBa的研究。 目前计划进行的研究包括：唇腭裂的危险因素，人类基因的非孟德尔传播研究，母亲在怀孕期间的体力活动和胎儿丢失，饮食摄入和糖尿病，怀孕期间的体力活动和婴儿神经发育，母体抗叶酸受体的自身抗体作为叶酸敏感性出生缺陷的危险因素，有机磷农药暴露与自闭症风险

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is an ongoing prebirt cohort study. Enrollment was completed in 2008 resulting in 106,980 pregnancies in the study. The study is based on questionnaires completed by the mother and father, and biological specimens are collected from the mother, father and child. The main purpose of the study is to find causes of diseases. NIEHS is providing partial support for the study, and in 2002 expanded the data collection protocol to include collection of more biologic specimens from the mothers during the 17th week of pregnancy (additional serum, a specimen of whole blood collected in a trace-element free container, and urine). These specimens will enhance the ability to examine the relation of environmental exposures in relation to various health outcomes in the children and their mothers. As of April 30, 2009, 77,104 subjects had provided blood and urine that was collected in conjunction with NIEHS. In the past year, in preparation for a new study in MoBa, we published a paper on the ability of various laboratories to measure a group of environmental contaminants that we plan to study, perfluorinated alkyls. We also published a report about levels of 3 types of environmental contaminants in the urine of MoBa mothers: organophosphate pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates. The levels of bisphenol A and organophosphate pesticide metabolites were higher than in the U.S., making the MoBa resource an especially valuable setting for studies of associated health outcomes. We added to the MoBa protocol the collection additional urine specimens in pregnancy, at weeks 23 and 29, for a subset of women. 690 women have a complete set of three urine specimens from pregnancy. We wrote a protocol to measure the levels of metabolites of organophosphate pesticides and bisphenol A in these specimens, to determine how reproducibile the levels are; the specimens are now being analyzed. This information will help us plan future studies on associations with health outcomes. We also put in place a protocol to examine perfluorinated alklys in relation to time-to-pregnancy among women in the MoBa cohort. The analysis of specimens will begin this fall. Because the study is in a relatively early phase, the number of scientific reports is still limited. At NIEHS, we are developing several studies that will be nested within MoBa. A list of the studies currently planed includes: Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate, A Search for the Non-mendelian Transmission of Human Genes, Mother's Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Fetal Loss, Dietary Intake and Gestational Diabetes, Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment, Maternal Autoantibodies against Folate Receptors as a Risk Factor for Folate Sensitive Birth Defects, and Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Autism.