Explosive nuclear astrophysical reactions of proton-rich nuclei

几乎所有构成我们身体和地球的元素都是在恒星中产生的。新的望远镜让我们可以详细观察爆炸的恒星，以及它们发出的物质和辐射。核反应在微观尺度上驱动爆炸。与太阳中的反应不同，大多数同位素都是放射性的，我们不知道如何准确计算它们的反应速率。世界上许多国家都在建造能够产生强烈放射性原子核束的加速器。我们终于能够直接研究地球上爆炸的恒星所发生的反应了。这些实验并不容易，需要现代化的检测系统才能获得良好的结果。这些数据对于理解和模拟超新星、x射线暴和Ia型超新星等爆炸恒星至关重要。爱丁堡小组是世界上该领域的先驱小组之一，并在欧洲和北美的放射性束流设施中建立了先进的探测系统，以测量天体物理学上重要的富质子核的反应。赠款请求要求提供过渡性支持，以利用该集团在世界领先的放射性束流设施中建造的系统。

Nearly all the elements that constitute our bodies, and our planet, were first produced in stars. New telescopes are letting us look in detail at exploding stars, and the material and radiation emitted from them. The explosions are driven on the microscopic scale by nuclear reactions. Unlike the reactions in the sun, most of the isotopes involved are radioactive and we do not know how to calculate accurately their reaction rates. Around the world many countries are building accelerators that produce intense beams of radioactive nuclei. At long last we are able to study directly the reactions taking place in exploding stars here on the earth. These experiments are not easy, and require modern detection systems to obtain good results. These data are essential to understand and model exploding stars, such as novae, X-ray bursters and type Ia supernovae.The Edinburgh Group is one of the world's pioneering Groups in this field and has built advanced detection systems at radioactive beam facilities in Europe and North America to make measurements of the reactions of astrophysically important proton-rich nuclei. The grant request asks for bridging support to exploit the systems constructed by the Group at world leading radioactive beam facilities.