Cognitive Consequences of Emotion

描述(由申请者提供)：情绪是价值和紧迫感的体现。这类登记在多个系统中同时进行，为流程提供了多个窗口。情绪的认知后果提供了一个这样的窗口。其目的是了解来自情感反应的价值成分(记录好的、坏的)的信息如何引导思维和其他认知过程。在早期支持阶段的研究发现，情感开启和关闭了认知心理学的许多教科书现象。通过与认知心理学家的合作，拟议中的研究建立在这一发现的基础上。在行为实验中，我们考察了情绪对人类在认知任务中表现的影响，这些任务包括错误记忆、启动、推理、分类和内隐学习。为了隔离涉及的过程，实验改变情绪和情绪，并检查跨文化研究中的文化影响。第二个目标是了解事件的紧迫性或重要性(记录为唤醒的情感反应)如何支配人们的记忆。通过与生物心理学家的合作，拟议的研究建立在主要针对动物的研究基础上，这些研究涉及情感事件如何在长期记忆中获得优先地位。我们将研究情绪记忆是如何通过实验变得不可磨灭的，这些实验涉及情绪刺激、轻微的压力任务和记忆调节药物(例如肾上腺素、心得安)的管理。因此，建议的研究集中在情绪反应的两个基本组成部分--效价和唤醒。问题是，这些情感维度中的每一个在人们如何思考和学习以及他们记住了什么方面扮演了什么角色。到目前为止的研究结果表明，带有情感色彩的想法令人信服，令人难忘。这项拟议中的研究下一步将检查这种情况发生的过程，这些过程对日常思想和行为的指导以及许多美国人遭受的精神疾病的致残状况至关重要。了解情感价值对于克服抑郁和慢性焦虑的状况以及持续的失落和危险的感觉是至关重要的，因为它们痛苦和困惑。这项研究试图为情感的唤醒维度如何控制人们的记忆打开一扇新的窗户。这对于治疗创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)至关重要，因为这些过程似乎是导致再次经历创伤的衰弱过程的原因。这样的问题没有经济或社会的界限。降低他们在生产力、公共资源和幸福感方面的成本，等待着对这些情绪认知后果的调查。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotions are embodied registrations of value and urgency. Such registrations occur simultaneously in multiple systems, providing multiple windows on the process. The cognitive consequences of emotion provide one such window. The aim is to learn how the information from the value component of affective reactions (registrations of goodness, badness) direct thinking and other cognitive processes. Research in the prior period of support found that emotion turns on and off many of the textbook phenomena of cognitive psychology. Through collaboration with a cognitive psychologist, proposed research builds on this discovery. In behavioral experiments, we examine emotional influences on human performance on cognitive tasks involving false memories, priming, reasoning, categorization, and implicit learning. To isolate the processes involved, experiments vary moods and emotions and examine cultural influences in cross-cultural studies. A second goal is to learn how the urgency or importance of events (registered as affective reactions of arousal) govern what people remember. Through collaboration with a biological psychologist, proposed research build on research done mostly on animals, concerning how emotional events gain priority in long term memory. We will examine how emotional memories can become indelible by experiments involving emotional stimuli, mild stress tasks, and administration of memory-modulating drugs (e.g., epinephrine, propranolol). The proposed research is thus focused on the two basic components of emotional reactions - valence and arousal. The question is what role does each of these affective dimensions play in how people think and learn and what they remember. Findings to date show that thoughts tinged with affect are compelling and memorable. The proposed research takes the next step to examine the processes by which this occurs, processes that are fundamental to the guidance of everyday thought and behavior as well as to the disabling conditions of mental illness from which many Americans suffer. Understanding affective valence is essential for attacking the conditions of depression and chronic anxiety and the insistent feelings of loss and danger them painful and confusing. This research seeks to open a new window on how the arousal dimension of affect controls what people remember. It will be critical for attacking posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), because these appear to be the processes responsible for the debilitating re-experience of trauma. Such problems know no economic or social boundaries. Reducing their cost in productivity, public resources, and well-being awaits investigation of these cognitive consequences of emotion.