Behavioral an(j Neural Markers of Attentional Control: Antecedents for AD

越来越多的证据表明，注意力控制系统出现故障， 在反应时间（RT）的变化，可能反映了前驱阶段的阿尔茨海默病（AD）。最近 有证据表明，对注意系统施加高负荷的任务在（a）中特别有用， 作为区分健康老龄化与早期DAT的行为标记，（B）预测后期 在一组健康的中年/老年人中的转换，以及（c）显示与其他 健康对照个体中的生物标志物。拟议的研究将继续纵向跟踪 成年儿童样本，谁具有良好的特征风险发展为症状性AD，以解决 以下问题：首先，我们将研究一组认知任务，目标是注意力选择，执行 控制和注意力控制对记忆性能的贡献，并将这些措施与 积累来自其他项目和岩心的生物标志物（例如，PIB、CSF测量、AP0E4状态， 结构和静息状态fMRI测量）。其次，我们将探讨关联理论的微妙特征 分布性能利用前高斯分析和扩散模型来检查的程度， 这些不同的参数是发展成AD的风险的有用的前驱标志物。第三，我们将使用 持续注意反应任务（SART）和一个简单的重复性手指敲击任务作为行为 用于在任务脱离到不相关的想法中的瞬时波动的标记（即，走神）。 第四，我们将在Stroop和Encoding中测量与任务相关的神经反应（通过fMRI） 随后的记忆范例，以确定注意力和/或默认模式神经网络是否开始被 在认知能力受到破坏之前就受到损害，并将这些结果与生物标志物联系起来 在其他项目中，特别是项目4中的静息状态fcMRI研究。五是 检查人格特征与注意力控制机制相关的程度， 并调节大脑行为相关性。这些目标、项目和核心的融合， 成人儿童研究队列的纵向研究提供了一个独特的机会， 了解与AD相关的最早生物行为变化的多方面性质。

There is accumulating evidence of a breakdown in attentional control systems and consequent increases in reaction time (RT) variability that may reflect a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that tasks which place a high load on attentional systems are particularly useful in (a) serving as a behavioral marker in discriminafing healthy aging from early stage DAT, (b) predicfing later conversion in a group of healthy middle-aged/older adults, and (c) showing relafionships with other biomarkers in healthy control individuals. The proposed research will continue to longitudinally follow the adult child sample, who have well-characterized risk for developing symptomatic AD, to address the following issues: First, we will examine a set of cognitive tasks that target attentional selection, executive control, and attentional control contributions to memory performance and relate these measures to the accumulafing biomarkers from the other projects and cores (e.g., PIB, CSF measures, AP0E4 status, structural and resting state fMRI measures). Second, we will explore subtle characteristics of RT distribufional performance utilizing ex-Gaussian analyses and the diffusion model to examine the extent to which distinct parameters are useful prodromal markers for risk for developing AD. Third, we will use both a Sustained Attention to Respond task (SART) and a simple repetitive finger tapping task as behavioral markers for momentary fiuctuafions in task disengagement to irrelevant thoughts (i.e., mind wandering). Fourth, we will measure the task related neural response (via fMRI) in both a Stroop and Encoding Subsequent Memory paradigm to determine if attentional and/or default mode neural networks begin to be compromised before there is disruption in cognitive performance and relate these results to the biomarkers developing in the other projects, especially the resting state fcMRI studies in Project 4. Fifth, we will examine the extent to which personality characterisfics are related to the attenfional control mechanisms, and modulate the brain-behavior relafionships. The convergence across these aims, projects, and cores in the confinuing longitudinal study of the Adult Children Study cohort affords a unique opportunity to develop an understanding of the multi-faceted nature of the earliest bio-behavioral changes associated with AD.