Gene-Environment interplay and childhood obesity: An Adoption study.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的三十年里，美国肥胖儿童的数量急剧增加。然而，大多数扭转这一趋势的努力都没有效果。有两个因素可能导致了他们有限的成功。首先，大多数项目没有考虑到儿童肥胖的个人风险，包括他们的遗传和产前风险。其次，关于预测儿童时期体重轨迹的因素的信息很少。这项拟议的研究测试了一个综合的肥胖发展模型，该模型结合了基于儿童（遗传、产前）和基于家庭（育儿实践和建模）的肥胖风险因素，并试图确定预测不健康与健康体重轨迹的风险星座。此外，还研究了产后环境在多大程度上介导、减轻或放大儿童肥胖风险的表达。因此，这项研究代表了开发新的预防计划的第一步，该计划可以根据儿童独特的脆弱性和需求考虑儿童的体重轨迹。拟议的研究是正在进行的早期生长和发育研究（EGDS）的延伸。EGDS是一项前瞻性的，纵向研究收养儿童，连同他们的亲生父母和收养家庭。由于被收养儿童的出生后环境与他们的出生前环境和遗传风险不同，基因、产前和出生后因素对儿童发育的独特和相互作用的贡献可以在收养研究中得到澄清。EGDS专注于儿童情绪和行为问题和能力的起源。本提案旨在将儿童肥胖纳入EGDS的范围，EGDS由两个参与者队列组成，总共有561组被收养儿童及其亲生父母和养父母。队列1包括361套（出生日期为2003年1月至2006年1月；R01- hd042608, PI level），队列2包括200套（出生日期为2007年5月至2009年5月；R01- DA020585, PI Neiderhiser）。EGDS已获得资助，用于评估第一队列儿童和9个月至8岁的收养家庭，以及第二队列儿童和9个月至6岁的收养家庭（R01-MH92118, PIs level, Neiderhiser）。从产后3个月开始，对两个队列的亲生父母进行持续评估。EGDS扩展的具体目标是：(1)确定2-9岁体重轨迹的遗传、产前和产后环境预测因子；(2)检验出生后环境对儿童体重轨迹的中介和调节模型。拟议的研究将使用在先前评估中收集的生长和产前数据，并收集与儿童生长有关的新数据，以及7至9岁儿童肥胖的行为、遗传和产后家庭风险。分析将结合两个群体的数据。这项研究将有助于了解遗传、产前和产后风险对体重轨迹的影响，以及在存在遗传或产前风险的情况下，最可能促进健康体重的产后环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of obese children in the US has increased dramatically over the past thirty years. Most efforts to reverse this trend, however, have not been effective. Two factors may underlie their limited success. First, most programs do not take into account children's personal risk for obesity, including their genetic and prenatal risks. Second, there is little information about factors that predict weight trajectories during childhood. The proposed study tests a comprehensive developmental model of obesity that incorporates child-based (genetic, prenatal) and family-based (parenting practices and modeling) risk factors for obesity, and seeks to identify constellations of risk that predict unhealthy vs. healthy weight trajectories. Furthermore, the degree to which the postnatal environment mediates, mitigates or amplifies the expression of child-based risks for obesity is examined. As such, this study represents a first step in developing new prevention programs that can consider children's weight trajectories in light of their unique vulnerabilities and needs. The proposed research is an extension of the ongoing Early Growth and Development study (EGDS). EGDS is a prospective, longitudinal study of adoptive children, along with their birth parents and adoptive families. Because adoptive children's postnatal environments are distinct from their prenatal environments and genetic risk, the unique and interactive contributions of genes, prenatal, and postnatal factors to child development can be clarified in adoption studies. EGDS has focused on the origins of child emotional and behavioral problems and competence. This proposal seeks to extend the scope of EGDS to include childhood obesity EGDS is comprised of two participant cohorts, for a total sample of 561 sets of adopted children, and their birth and adoptive parents. Cohort I includes 361 sets (birth dates between January 2003 - January 2006; R01-HD042608, PI Leve), and Cohort II includes 200 sets (birth dates between May 2007 and May 2009; R01- DA020585, PI Neiderhiser). EGDS has been funded to assess Cohort I children and adoptive families from child age 9 months through 8 years, and Cohort II children and adoptive families from child age 9 months to 6 years (R01-MH92118, PIs Leve, Neiderhiser). Birth parents from both Cohorts have also been assessed on an ongoing basis since 3 months post-partum. The specific aims of the proposed extension of EGDS are to: (1) Identify genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental predictors of weight trajectories from 2-9 years of age; and (2) Test postnatal environmental mediation and moderation models for children's weight trajectories. The proposed research will use growth and prenatal data collected during previous assessments, and gather new data related to children's growth, and behavioral, genetic and postnatal family risks for obesity when children are between 7 and 9 years of age. Analyses will combine data from both Cohorts. This research will enhance understanding of the contributions of genetic, prenatal and postnatal risks to weight trajectories, and of postnatal environments that are most likely to foster healthy weights in the presence of genetic or prenatal risk.