The Early Growth and Development Study Pediatric Cohort

7.项目总结/摘要 越来越多的证据表明，从怀孕到5岁的接触可能导致健康缺陷， 导致终身后果。我们建议利用和建立在一个独特的现有的“双家庭” 采用设计将早期环境暴露与对家族聚集性的遗传影响隔离开来， 健康问题，以促进ECHO的总体目标，即调查生命早期暴露的作用， 儿童健康和疾病的潜在生物学机制。我们的儿科样本将从 三个队列的儿童（N = 1，201名儿童）自出生以来一直接受前瞻性随访， 生长发育研究（EGDS）。EGDS队列包括两种类型的家庭：收养家庭 其中儿童与抚养儿童的父母没有遗传关系（n = 790名儿童）， 孩子与养育父母有遗传关系（n = 411）。在这些家庭中，我们有n = 927对兄弟姐妹，分为两类：（1）兄弟姐妹分居，其中一个兄弟姐妹在出生时被收养， 基因无关的父母和另一个兄弟姐妹仍然留在生物学上的家，由父母抚养。 从出生起就是亲生父母（n = 365对），以及（2）在收养家庭或收养家庭一起生活的兄弟姐妹 生物家园（n = 562对）。我们建立了可靠的研究基础设施， 测量幼儿期家庭社会环境、病历资料、DNA和唾液皮质醇 高保留率以及可靠和透明的数据共享方法。我们会好好利用- 建立前瞻性采用样本，以（a）帮助澄清有关环境影响的因果推断 对神经发育和肥胖的影响，以及（B）探索遗传性儿童 从出生到青春期的特征和环境影响。在孩子们被抚养长大的群体中， 通过生物学上的父母，很难区分社会环境的作用和遗传的作用。 影响。我们的双系列设计解决了这一基本混淆。在本申请中，我们强调 神经发育的重点领域;然而，我们的样本和方法也非常适合检查 环境对肥胖和气道重点领域的影响，作为第二和第三焦点。在UG 3 在第一阶段，我们将（1）通过重新招募和同意来证明重新招募家庭进入ECHO的可行性 （2）通过对成人医疗保健进行试点规模编码，为UH 3阶段做好准备; 记录，试点我们的地理编码系统，进行初步分析，并制定和测试一个简短的 社会环境逆境的措施;（3）与ECHO指导委员会合作和计划。在 在UH 3期间，我们将（1）通过加强我们对环境和 通过家庭和电话评估神经发育，肥胖， 气道功能和社会环境;以及（2）根据确定的情况开展ECHO联盟范围内的活动 ECHO指导委员会。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that exposures from pregnancy through age 5 can result in health deficits and lead to life-long consequences. We propose to leverage and build upon a unique existing “dual-family” adoption design to isolate early environmental exposures from heritable influences on familial clustering of health problems to contribute to ECHO's overall goal of investigating the role of early life exposures and underlying biological mechanisms in childhood health and disease. Our pediatric sample will be drawn from three cohorts of children (N = 1,201 children) who have been followed prospectively since birth in the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). The EGDS cohorts consist of two types of families: adoptive families in which the child is not genetically related to either rearing parent (n = 790 children), and biological families in which the child is genetically related to the rearing parent (n = 411 children). Within these families, we have n = 927 sibling pairs of two types: (1) siblings living apart, in which one sibling was adopted at birth and reared with genetically unrelated parents and the other sibling remained in the biological home and was reared by the biological parent from birth (n = 365 pairs), and (2) siblings living together either in the adoptive home or the biological home (n = 562 pairs). We have established a reliable research infrastructure, exceptional measurement of the early childhood family social environment, medical records data, DNA and salivary cortisol samples, high retention rates, and reliable and transparent data-sharing methods. We will use our well- established prospective adoption sample to (a) help clarify causal inferences about environmental influences on neurodevelopment and obesity, and (b) explore the unfolding interplay between inherited child characteristics and environmental influences from birth to adolescence. In cohorts in which children are reared by biological parents, it is difficult to differentiate the role of the social environment from that of genetic influences. Our dual-family design addresses this fundamental confound. In this application, we emphasize the Focus Area of Neurodevelopment; however, our sample and approach are also well suited for examining environmental influences on Obesity and Airways Focus Areas, as secondary and tertiary foci. In the UG3 phase, we will (1) demonstrate the feasibility of rerecruiting families into ECHO by rerecruiting and consenting families of 1,000 children; (2) prepare for the UH3 period by conducting pilot scale coding of adult medical records, piloting our geocoding system, conducting preliminary analyses, and developing and testing a brief measure of social environmental adversity; and (3) collaborate and plan with the ECHO Steering Committee. In the UH3 period, we will (1) build on the UG3 activities by enhancing our assessment of environmental and inherited risks in the EGDS cohort through in-home and phone assessments of neurodevelopment, obesity, airway function, and the social environment; and (2) conduct ECHO consortium-wide activities as determined by the ECHO Steering Committee.