Neighborhood Poverty, Health and Economic Security Over the Adult Lifespan

描述（由申请人提供）：生活在贫困社区是否会影响低收入成年人一生中的长期健康和经济安全，如果是这样，什么样的政策反应可以弥补这些“社区效应”对健康和福祉的影响？我们通过分析长期随访（10-15年）收集的数据来寻求资金来回答这些问题，这些数据是参与一个独特的随机社区流动实验的低收入中老年人的一部分，称为移动到机会（MTO）。MTO的示范采用了随机抽签的方式，让一些公共住房居民有机会利用租赁住房补贴搬迁到不那么贫困的社区，但其他人没有机会。MTO实验产生了邻里特征的巨大差异，否则可比较的低收入群体，不成比例的少数民族家庭。从2008年至2010年，我们的团队收集了3215名MTO女性成年人（平均年龄45.6岁）的亲自调查数据和生物标志物。我们的调查的有效回复率是89%，并且在随机分配的MTO组中非常相似。初步意向治疗分析表明，社区环境可能在决定美国低收入老年人的一些结果方面发挥重要作用，这反过来又表明，充分理解这些影响及其决定因素和潜在机制的本质对于科学和政策的重要性。本申请的具体目的如下：1。估计mto引起的社区流动对所收集的所有健康和经济结果的长期影响，并检查关键基线子样本的影响。2. 分解干预对这些结果的总体影响，并确定产生总体影响的机制。3. 开发和测试邻里选择的结构模型，这将由一个新的共同调查员领导，我们已经加入了这个目的的团队-佩特拉托德。创建一个公共使用文件和两个限制使用版本的长期MTO数据集，这些数据集将与ICPSR一起存档，以便直接提供给外部研究人员进行二次分析。总体目标是更好地了解MTO和社区流动对成人长期健康和经济安全的影响，以及影响这些结果的过程。这项研究将有助于揭示种族和阶级之间在健康和经济成果方面的更大差异。NIA的资金对于进行数据准备和数据存档至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Does living in a distressed neighborhood affect the long-term health and economic security of low-income adults over the life course, and if so, what types of policy responses can remediate these "neighborhood effects" on health and well-being? We seek funding to answer these questions by analyzing data collected as part of the long-term follow-up (10-15 years) of low-income middle and older-aged adults participating in a unique randomized neighborhood mobility experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The MTO demonstration used a randomized lottery to offer some public housing residents but not others the chance to relocate to less disadvantaged neighborhoods using a rental housing subsidy. MTO experimentally generated large differences in neighborhood characteristics for otherwise comparable groups of low-income, dispropor- tionately minority families. From 2008-10 in-person survey data and biomarkers were collected by our team from 3,215 female adults in MTO (mean age 45.6). The effective response rate to our surveys was 89 percent, and was quite similar across randomly-assigned MTO groups. Preliminary intention-to-treat analyses suggest that neighborhood environments may play an important role in determining some outcomes for low-income aging adults in the U.S., which in turn suggests the importance for science and policy of fully understanding these impacts and the nature of their determinants and underlying mechanisms. The specific aims of the present application are as follows: 1. To estimate the long-term effects of MTO-induced neighborhood mobility on the full range of health and economic outcomes that were collected, and examine impacts for key baseline sub-samples. 2. To decompose the total effects of the intervention on these outcomes and identify the mechanisms through which the aggregate effects occurred. 3. To develop and test a structural model of neighborhood choice, which will be led by a new co- investigator that we have added to the team just for this purpose - Petra Todd. 4. To create a public use file and two restricted-use versions of the long-term MTO dataset that would be archived with ICPSR to be made directly available to outside researchers for secondary analysis. The overarching goal is to better understand the effects of MTO and neighborhood mobility on adult long-term health and economic security as well as the processes by which these outcomes are affected. This study will help shed light on larger disparities in health and economic outcomes across race and class lines. NIA funding is essential to carry out the data preparation, and data archiving described here.