FASEB SRC on Yeast Chromosome Structure, Replication and Segregation

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请寻求对美国实验生物学学会联合会(FASEB)的部分支持，该会议将于2012年7月25-20日在科罗拉多州斯普林斯举行的酵母染色体结构、复制和分离会议上举行。这将是这一领域最成功和最重要的会议的第十二次半年度迭代。本次会议旨在加入研究人员的行列，利用包括遗传学、细胞学、生物化学、分子生物学、基因组学和系统生物学在内的一系列实验方法，对萌芽酵母酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母的染色体生物学和细胞生物学的许多不同方面进行研究。演讲将介绍关于实地及时问题的新的和未发表的工作，并将包括所有参与者的讨论。FASEB会议为交流信息和技术提供了独特的机会，可以欣赏和利用这些信息和技术来研究更复杂的实验生物体和人类的染色体生物学。环境因素--包括人造空气和水媒污染物、电磁辐射、尼古丁和其他天然产物--可以对染色体的复制、分离和修复产生深远的影响。此外，生物体的环境对基因表达模式有很大的影响。因此，染色体是环境发挥毒性、诱变和致癌作用的关键靶点。因此，在面对环境和内源性来源的侮辱时保持基因组完整性的细胞过程对人类健康和疾病至关重要。这些领域的许多关键问题仍然没有解决，酵母是解决这些问题的优秀模式生物，因为涉及的许多分子机制和蛋白质在进化上是保守的。因此，会议的大部分时间都将专门讨论国家环境健康科学研究所的任务范围内的主题。此外，染色体不稳定是癌症和衰老的一个显著特征，基因组不稳定因素同时也是癌症的原因和抗癌化疗的组成部分。此外，染色体行为的变化伴随着正常的细胞和组织衰老，并导致与年龄相关的病理，而与DNA代谢异常相关的人类遗传病往往伴随着过早衰老的特征。长期以来，酵母菌在研究正常和病理染色体动力学的基本机制方面一直发挥着主导作用，因此，本次会议涵盖的主题也支持国家癌症研究所和国家老龄化研究所的任务。 与公共健康相关：染色体的忠实复制、分离和修复对细胞的正常生长至关重要，因此对人类健康也是必不可少的。许多环境制剂的毒性和/或致癌性是通过对染色体功能的这些基本方面产生有害影响而产生的，而染色体缺陷是癌症和衰老的许多方面的基础。由于这些过程在进化上是保守的，相对简单的酵母已被证明是理解正常染色体行为以及扰乱它们的环境因素的极有价值的模式生物。这次会议汇集了研究酵母染色体生物学的主要研究人员。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks partial support for the Federation of American Societies of Experimental Biology (FASEB), conference on Yeast Chromosome Structure, Replication, and Segregation to be held July 25-20, 2012 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. This will be the twelfth bi-annual iteration of what has become the most successful and important meeting for this field. This conference aims to join investigators studying many diverse aspects of chromosome biology and cell biology in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, using a range of experimental approaches including genetics, cytology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genomics, and systems biology. Presentations will introduce new and unpublished work on timely questions in the field and will include discussion from all participants. The FASEB conference provides unique opportunities for the exchange of information and technology that can be appreciated and exploited for studies of chromosome biology in more complex experimental organisms and in humans. Environmental agents - including manmade air- and water-borne pollutants, electromagnetic radiation, and nicotine and other natural products - can have profound effects on the replication, segregation, and repair of chromosomes. Moreover, an organism's environment has a strong impact on gene expression patterns. As such, chromosomes are a critical target through which the environment exerts toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. The cellular processes that maintain genome integrity in the face of insults from environmental and endogenous sources are thus of fundamental importance for human health and disease. Many critical questions in these areas remain unresolved, and yeasts are outstanding model organisms for addressing these questions because of the evolutionary conservation of many of the molecular mechanisms and proteins involved. Much of the conference will thus be devoted to topics firmly within the mission of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. In addition, chromosome instability is a prominent feature of both cancer and aging, and genome-destabilizing agents are at the same time causes of cancer and components of anti-cancer chemotherapies. Furthermore, changes in chromosome behaviors accompany normal cellular and organismal aging and contribute to age-related pathologies, and human genetic diseases associated with aberrant DNA metabolism are often accompanied by hallmarks of premature aging. Yeasts have long played a dominant role in studies of the fundamental mechanisms underlying normal and pathological chromosome dynamics, thus the topics covered in this conference also support the missions of the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Aging. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The faithful duplication, segregation, and repair of chromosomes are essential for normal growth of cells and thus for human health. The toxicity and/or carcinogenicity of many environmental agents are exerted through deleterious effects on these fundamental aspects of chromosome function, and chromosome defects underlie many aspects of cancer and aging. Because these processes are evolutionarily conserved, the relatively simple yeasts have proven to be enormously valuable model organisms for understanding normal chromosome behaviors as well as the environmental factors that perturb them. This conference brings together the principal investigators studying chromosome biology in yeasts.