2013 Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World GRC & GRS

描述(由申请人提供)：眼球运动系统可以说是最了解的运动控制系统。传统上，眼球运动科学家孤立地研究每个眼球运动子系统。直到最近，科学家们才将他们的注意力转向更复杂的问题，比如神经元控制联合眼球运动和扫视，或者神经元控制联合眼球运动和顺畅追逐。这些领域的进展为动眼神经科学领域开辟了新的研究课题，例如目标选择--大脑如何选择单一的视觉刺激来指导眼睛运动？不同的眼动子系统的选择过程是相同的，还是共享的机制？双目视差信号是否为扫视或追逐提供了低水平的目标选择机制？这样的问题在该领域引起了极大的兴奋，并产生了对视觉神经科学、认知神经科学和计算神经科学领域有影响的结果。因此，我们在此应用程序中的目标是为动眼科学界提供一个论坛，以展示和听取尖端研究，并在一个私密、非正式但科学严谨的环境中互动。2005年，我们举行了有史以来第一次动眼运动戈登研究会议(GRC)，名为动眼运动系统生物学。第一次会议的成功导致了2007年由GRC赞助的第二次会议。第三次也是迄今为止最成功的一次动眼运动GRC是在2011年举行的，名为Eye Motions：The Motor System That See the World。主题包括：作为注意力、感知和决策机制探测器的眼动，其中演讲者探索了眼动系统如何被用作知觉决策的读出；眼动之间的行动，探讨了微眼跳的特征和控制机制；以及健康与疾病中的中央和外周眼动子系统，评估了关于外围机制在控制眼向中的作用的新发现。在定于2013年举行的会议上，我们希望利用2011年会议带来的兴奋，并计划探讨以下主题：用于更高阶眼运动控制的啮齿动物模型；在本次会议中，最近使用易于通过基因操纵的小型哺乳动物来探索认知和眼球运动的激增将是主题。超越黑匣子-理解眼球运动控制的新计算方法在本课程中，我们将探讨如何将数学模型应用于眼球运动系统，如贝叶斯推理。不仅仅是漂亮的图片-从成像眼动系统中学到的教训；在这节课中，我们将探索功能磁共振成像技术和其他成像方法如何增强我们对眼睛运动背后的神经回路的理解。这项提案请求支持召开一次会议，会议的目标是将科学家和医生聚集在一起，讨论眼球运动系统的最新工作。我们计划将职业生涯早期和成熟的研究人员聚集在一起，推动新的研究场所和合作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system. Traditionally, oculomotor scientists studied each eye movement subsystem in isolation. Only recently have scientists turned their attention to more complex problems such as the neuronal control of combined vergence and saccadic eye movements or the neuronal control of combined saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Advances in these areas are opening up new topics of inquiry to the field of oculomotor neuroscience such as target selection - how does the brain select a single visual stimulus to guide eye movements? Is the process of selection the same for different eye movement subsystems or is it a shared mechanism? Do binocular disparity signals provide a low-level target selection mechanism for saccades or pursuit? Questions such as these are generating much excitement in the field and are producing results that have implications for the fields of visual neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience and computational neuroscience. As such, our goal in this application is to provide the oculomotor science community a forum to present and hear about cutting-edge research and to interact in an intimate, informal yet scientifically rigorous setting. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, titled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in second, sponsored GRC in 2007. The third and so far, most successful oculomotor GRC occurred in 2011, titled Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World. The topics included: Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's explored how the oculomotor system is used as a read-out for perceptual decision-making; The Action between Eye Movements, which explored the characteristics and control mechanisms for microsaccades and Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which evaluated new findings about the role of peripheral mechanisms in controlling eye orientation. In the meeting scheduled for 2013 we hope to capitalize on the excitement generated from the 2011 meeting and plan to explore topics such as: Rodent Models for Higher Order Oculomotor Control; In this session the recent surge in the use of small mammals that are easily manipulated genetically to explore cognition and eye movements will be the theme. Beyond Black Boxes - New Computational Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Control; in this session the topic of applying mathematical models to the oculomotor system such as Bayesian inference will be explored. More than Pretty Pictures- Lessons Learned from Imaging the Oculomotor System; in this session, we will explore how the technique of fMRI and other imaging methods enhances our understanding of the neural circuits underlying eye movements. This proposal requests support for a conference whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to discuss recent work in the oculomotor system. We plan to bring together early-career and established investigators to propel forward novel research venues and collaborations.