Adolescent AOD Use Trajectories: The Role of Race and Ethnicity

描述（由申请人提供）：有大量的研究旨在更好地了解青春期早期到晚期酒精和药物（AOD）使用模式的转变;然而，很少有已发表的研究：a）检查一种以上物质的发育轨迹（例如，酒精、大麻和香烟）; B）在初中和高中期间每年测量AOD的使用;以及c）利用具有实质性种族和民族多样性的样本。该应用程序响应PA-11 - 016：酒精研究中的流行病学和预防（R01），并通过比较不同种族/民族的AOD使用轨迹，确定预测AOD使用轨迹的风险和保护因素，并检查AOD相关结果如何可能因不同的AOD轨迹和不同种族/民族的青年而有所不同，来推进未成年AOD使用的流行病学。目前的提案是R01AA016577（PI：D'Amico）的延续，该项目评估了南加州16所中学在三年内使用五波数据的AOD。这项研究的重点是两个队列（n = 5117）从较大的样本，这是不同的性别（50%女性）和种族/民族组成（54%西班牙裔，16%亚洲，9%多民族，15%白色，4%黑色），并遵循他们从六年级到高中后的年度评估。我们的目标是：目标1。研究青少年从青春期早期到晚期的转变轨迹。目标1a。检查不同种族/族裔群体在AOD使用轨迹上的相似性/差异。目标2.检查各个因素（例如，期望，教育愿望），家庭因素（例如，家庭物质使用，文化价值观），同伴因素（例如，感知的同伴使用，同伴认可），学校因素（例如，学校水平的社会人口组成和气候），以及邻里因素（例如，酒精出口密度（SES）与随时间推移的AOD使用轨迹相关。目标2a。检查这些因素如何影响不同种族/民族的AOD轨迹的相似性和差异。目标3.研究这些AOD使用轨迹与青少年后期结果在五个关键领域的关联：学业成绩，犯罪，心理健康，身体健康和社会功能。目标3a。检查AOD轨迹如何与青少年后期的结果在这五个领域跨种族/民族群体的相似性和差异。目前的研究是创新的，因为很少有轨迹研究从青春期早期到青春期后期进行年度评估，并评估几种不同物质的使用情况，如酒精，大麻和香烟的使用。研究结果将显着提高这一领域的科学知识，因为它们将导致更好地了解在青春期早期到晚期使用AOD的种族/民族差异，这可能会导致改善该年龄组的预防干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a great deal of research aimed at better understanding transitions in alcohol and drug (AOD) use patterns across early to late adolescence; however, there are few published studies that: a) examine developmental trajectories for more than one substance (e.g., alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes); b) measure AOD use annually during both the middle school and high school years; and c) utilize a sample with substantial racial and ethnic diversity. This application responds to PA-11-016: Epidemiology and Prevention in Alcohol Research (R01), and advances the epidemiology of underage AOD use by comparing racial/ethnic groups on their trajectories of AOD use, identifying risk and protective factors that predict AOD use trajectories, and examining how AOD-related outcomes may differ for different AOD trajectories and youth of different races/ethnicities. The current proposal is a continuation of R01AA016577 (PI: D'Amico), CHOICE, a project that assessed AOD use in 16 middle schools in Southern California with five waves of data over three years. This study focuses on two cohorts (n=5117) taken from the larger sample, which are diverse in terms of gender (50% female) and racial/ethnic composition (54% Hispanic, 16% Asian, 9% multiethnic, 15% white, and 4% Black) and follows them from 6th grade to post high school with annual assessments. Our aims are: Aim 1. Examine AOD use trajectories as youth transition from early to late adolescence. Aim 1a. Examine similarities/differences in AOD use trajectories across racial/ethnic groups. Aim 2. Examine how individual factors (e.g., expectancies, educational aspirations), family factors (e.g., family substance use, cultural values), peer factors (e.g., perceived peer use, peer approval), school factors (e.g., school-level sociodemographic composition and climate), and neighborhood factors (e.g., alcohol outlet density, SES) are associated with AOD use trajectories over time. Aim 2a. Examine similarities and differences in how these factors affect AOD trajectories across racial/ethnic groups. Aim 3. Examine the association of these AOD use trajectories with late adolescent outcomes in five key domains: academic achievement, delinquency, mental health, physical health and social functioning. Aim 3a. Examine similarities and differences in how AOD trajectories are associated with late adolescent outcomes in these five domains across racial/ethnic groups. The current study is innovative as there is little trajectory research that conducts annual assessments from early adolescence to late adolescence and assesses use across several different substances, such as alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use. Findings will significantly improve scientific knowledge in this area as they will lead to a greater understanding of racial/ethnic differences in AOD use during early to late adolescence, which could then lead to improved preventative interventions for this age group.