Developmental Pathways to Substance Use Across European & Asian American Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：作为美国增长最快的少数民族群体之一，美国人的酒精和药物使用日益被认为是一个公共卫生问题。新兴研究已经记录了与亚裔美国青年饮酒相关的生物学、社会心理和文化因素（Hendershot等，2005）。然而，现有的研究既没有采用发展的观点来研究亚裔美国人在青春期后期的酒精使用和问题，也没有测试先前的研究结果是否可以推广到预测药物使用和问题。与此同时，来自另一项研究的证据表明，在亚洲和欧洲的美国年轻人中，父母的影响往往不同。例如，许多研究表明，专制的养育方式对亚裔美国青年有好处，但对欧裔美国青年的学业成绩和社会情感能力却有不利影响。随后的研究表明，诸如情感支持和心理控制等父母构念也可能对亚洲和欧美青年产生不同的影响（如Chao & Tseng， 2002）。尽管有这些发现，但没有发表的研究证明，在亚洲和欧洲裔美国年轻人中，父母对酒精和药物使用的影响存在差异。因此，本研究的首要目标是在亚洲和欧洲裔美国青年的纵向样本中，检验种族对养育子女与酒精和药物使用结果之间关系的调节作用。具体来说，这项拟议的研究将测试父母的情感支持、心理控制和监控是否对亚洲和欧美青年的酒精和药物使用结果有不同的影响。数据将来自参与发展路径项目的97名亚裔美国人和255名欧洲裔美国人。结构方程模型和因子分析技术将用于检验(1)父母的情感支持、心理控制和7年级的监测是否会对亚洲和欧美青少年9年级和12年级的酒精和药物使用结果产生差异；(2)从父母教养到酒精和药物使用结果（通过8年级学业成绩和同伴物质使用）的发展途径是否在亚洲和欧美青年中有所不同；(3)假设的种族调节效应是否可以归因于对养育方式的不同解释，正如先前的研究所表明的那样（如Chao & Aque， 2009）。该研究的结果可用于指导针对亚裔美国青年酒精和药物使用的文化敏感预防和干预计划的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As one of the fastest growing ethnic minority groups in the United States, alcohol and drug use in American Americans has increasingly been recognized as a public health problem. Emerging research has documented biological, psychosocial, and cultural factors that are associated with alcohol use in Asian American youth adults (Hendershot et al., 2005). However, existing studies have neither adopted a developmental perspective to study the emergence of alcohol use and problems in Asian American during late adolescence, nor have they tested whether prior findings can be generalized to predict drug use and problems. Concurrently, evidence from a separate line of research has suggested that effects of parenting are often different across Asian and European American youth. Numerous studies, for example, have suggested that authoritarian parenting style has beneficial effects in Asian American youth, but detrimental effects in European American youth on outcomes such as academic performance and socio-emotional competence. Subsequent research has indicated that parental constructs such as emotional support and psychological control may also have differential effects across Asian and European American youth (e.g., Chao & Tseng, 2002). Despite these findings, no published study has documented differential effects of parenting on alcohol and drug use across Asian and European American youth. Thus, the overarching goal of this study is to examine moderation effects by ethnicity on the association between parenting and alcohol and drug use outcomes in a longitudinal sample of Asian and European American youth. Specifically, the proposed study will test whether parental emotional support, psychological control and monitoring have differential effects on alcohol and drug use outcomes across Asian and European American youth. Data will be drawn from 97 Asian American and 255 European American youth who participated in the Developmental Pathway Project. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis techniques will be used to test (1) whether parental emotional support, psychological control, and monitoring in 7th grade will differentially predict alcohol and drug use outcomes in 9th and 12th grade across Asian and European American youth; (2) whether developmental pathways from parenting to alcohol and drug use outcomes (via school achievement and peer substance use in 8th grade) are different across Asian and European American youth; and (3) whether the hypothesized moderation effects by ethnicity can be attributed to different interpretation of parenting, as suggested by prior research (e.g., Chao & Aque, 2009). Results from the proposed study can be used to guide the development of culturally sensitive prevention and intervention programs for alcohol and drug use in Asian American youth.