Training Grant Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Viral Infections in Children

导致儿科发病率和死亡率的传染病谱已经演变 在过去的世纪中，白喉、破伤风和破伤风等传染病，现在基本上没有发现 即使在世界上的发展中地区，在抗生素和疫苗出现之前也是主要的杀手。 有效和广泛地预防和治疗主要影响婴儿的细菌病原体， 儿童，如肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌，已导致认识到， 病毒感染是儿科发病和死亡的主要原因。病毒病原体的作用是 恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的免疫抑制疗法的进展加剧了这一问题， 使宿主易受相对良性的病毒感染。令人惊讶的是，只有一个小 抗病毒药物的医疗设备和有限的理解病毒的发病机制和宿主对 病毒病原体，尤其是儿童。在发展中国家，几乎没有抗病毒药， 诸如针对麻疹和B型肝炎的疫苗等已建立的疫苗尚未广泛提供， 艾滋病毒大流行导致全球每年有超过30万儿童感染艾滋病毒，并造成1 500万孤儿。那里 显然需要解决儿童病毒感染的识别、治疗和预防问题。 这项培训补助金的目的是为儿科感染性疾病的受训者提供严格的准备， 疾病发展学术事业，在国内和国际环境，重点是病毒 儿童感染。每年将有一名博士后儿科传染病实习生， 被选中参加三年培训计划，尽管只要求支持 过去两年的研究。虽然不是一个学位授予计划，但有一个必修课程， 在流行病学硕士课程和微生物学系提供的课程注册 斯坦福大学的免疫学研究受到鼓励。该计划是基于斯坦福大学的成功 大学儿科传染病科自1978年成立以来，以生产全国知名 学者和研究人员。它的结构允许学员从基础科学，翻译， 和流行病学研究跟踪与导师从医学系，微生物学 免疫学和病理学，并与津巴布韦大学， 加州伯克利公共卫生学院和墨西哥自治大学和婴儿医院 目的是研究儿童中病毒病原体的发病机制和宿主反应。 相关性（参见说明）： 这笔赠款将培训儿科传染病研究员成为国内和国际学术 研究人员vsdth的重点是识别，预防和治疗儿童病毒感染。

The spectrum of infectious diseases contributing to pediatric morbidity and mortality has evolved considerably over the last century. Infections such as diphtheria, peri:ussis, and tetanus, now largely unseen even in developing areas of the world, were major killers before the advent of antibiotics and vaccines. Effective and widespread prevention and treatment of bacterial pathogens primarily affecting infants and children, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae, have resulted in the recognition of viral infections as prominent causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The role of viral pathogens is exacerbated by advances in immunosuppressive therapy for malignancies and autoimmune disorders, which render the host susceptible to relatively benign viral infections. Surprisingly, there is only a small armamentarium of antiviral agents and limited understanding of viral pathogenesis and host responses to viral pathogens, especially among children. In the developing world, few antiviral agents are available, established vaccines such as those directed against measles and hepatitis B are not widely available, and the HIV pandemic has resulted in >300,ooo HIV-infected children/year and 15 million orphans globally. There is a clear need to address the identification, treatment and prevention of viral infections in children. The purpose of this training grant is to provide rigorous preparation for trainees in pediatric infectious diseases to develop academic careers, in the domestic and international setting, with a focus on viral infections in children. One postdoctoral Pediatric Infectious Diseases trainee per year will be selected to participate in the three year training program, although support is only requested for the last two research years. Although not a degree-granting program, there is a required curriculum, and enrollment in courses offered in the Masters of Epidemiology program and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University is encouraged. The program is based on the success of the Stanford University Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases since its inception in 1978 in producing nationally known scholars and researchers. It is structured to allow trainees to choose from basic science, translational, and epidemiological research tracks with mentors from the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, and with collaborators from the University of Zimbabwe, the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, and the Universidad Autonoma and Hospital Infantil in Mexico City, v\dth the goal of studying pathogenesis and host response to viral pathogens in children. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This grant will train Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellows to become domestic and international academic researchers vsdth a focus on identification, prevention and treatment of viral infections of children.