Social Buffering Over the Pubertal Transition

社交缓冲在调节压力方面的有效性似乎在一段时间内减弱 青春期的同时，应激反应增强，青少年变得更 易受压力相关的情感病理影响。然而，知识的匮乏。 关于儿童社交缓冲的神经基础和神经变化 对青春期潜在的社交缓冲的反应。其中两项拟议的实验涉及 这种知识上的鸿沟。此外，到目前为止，青春期社交缓冲效果的丧失 主要使用下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)的活动来检查 轴作为应力测量。所有三个拟议的实验都将检验 除唾液外，通过检查交感和副交感反应的效果 皮质醇。尿液催产素也将被检查，因为它是一种抗应激激素。 最后，父母和朋友在青春期前后作为社交缓冲的有效性 只接受了社会评估压力源的检查。拟议中的实验将 确定社交缓冲的丧失是否也会扩展到威胁刺激，就像成年人一样 以及两个朋友都在一起经历压力事件的情况。最后， 所有三项拟议的研究都将探索青春期是否与性行为的出现有关 父母和朋友在社交缓冲方面的差异。参赛者年龄为11-14岁， 护士检查的Tanner分期、自我报告、睾酮和DHEA将作为索引 青春期状态。我们之前的研究揭示了父母对 在青春期过渡和伴随的失败中充当HPA轴的社交缓冲器 作为压力缓冲器的朋友。拟议的实验是对以下内容的逻辑扩展 这项工作。这一结果将有可能促使人们对 社会压力缓冲方面的发展中断可能是导致 青少年早期的情感问题。

The effectiveness of social buffering in regulating stress appears to wane for a period with puberty at the same time that stress-reactivity increases and young adolescents become more vulnerable to stress-related affective pathology. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the neural underpinnings of social buffering in children and the changes in neural responses to potential social buffers with puberty. Two of the proposed experiments address this gap in knowledge. In addition, to date, the loss of social buffering effectiveness with puberty has primarily been examined using activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis as the stress measure. All three proposed experiments will examine the pervasiveness of the effect by examining sympathetic and parasympathetic responses, in addition to salivary cortisol. Urinary oxytocin will also be examined because of its role as an anti-stress hormone. Finally, the effectiveness of parents and friends as social buffers during the peripubertal period has only been examined for social evaluative stressors. The proposed experiments will determine whether the loss of social buffering also extends to threat stimuli as it does in adults and to situations in which two friends are both experiencing the stressful event together. Finally, all three proposed studies will explore whether puberty is associated with an emergence of sex differences in social buffering by parents and friends. Participants will be 11-14 years old and Tanner staging by nurse exam along with self-report and testosterone and DHEA will index pubertal status. Our prior research uncovered the waning of the effectiveness of parents to serve as social buffers of the HPA axis over the pubertal transition and the concomitant failure of friends to “step in” as stress buffers. The proposed experiments are the logical extension of this work. The results will have the potential to drive significant attention to the role of developmental disruptions in social stress buffering as possible contributing factors in the rise of affective problems in the early teen years.