Pubertal Stress Recalibration Hypothesis

描述（由申请人提供）：有严重不良早期生活史的青少年在从童年过渡到青春期时，情绪问题增加的风险增加了一倍。这种风险可能反映了压力调节系统在生命早期敏感时期的恶劣条件下的校准。然而，并非所有有这种历史的青年都受到影响。这项拟议的研究测试了新的青春期压力重新校准假设;特别是青春期开启了第二个敏感时期，用于校准压力介导系统，以适应性成熟期的当前生活条件。对于经历过不良早期护理的青年，青春期发育允许压力系统活动转移到没有此类历史的青年中，如果并发压力源较低，并且如果当前生活条件有压力，则对压力活动高度敏感。我们的目标参与者将是国际上从孤儿院（后机构化，PI）青年中收养的青年，而不是在原籍家庭（非收养，NA）中抚养的青年。我们将跟踪368名青年，每年在3个时间点（0，1和2岁）进行检查。使用加速纵向设计（4组：7-8、9-10、11-12、13-14岁）和生长曲线建模允许检查广泛的青春期（7 - 16岁）。每年测量PI和NA青年的HPA轴（唾液皮质醇）、SAM系统（射血前期）与当前生活压力（每年完成青年生活压力访谈）和青春期阶段（每年护士进行的坦纳分期）的关系。将使用特里尔儿童社会压力测试和皮质醇觉醒反应（CAR）的家庭评估来测量压力介导系统活动。我们之前对PI青年的研究显示，与1-2期的同龄青年相比，坦纳3-5期的CAR正常化。这项建议是这项工作的逻辑延伸，也将测试压力系统活动的变化介导青春期情绪问题症状增加的假设。这项研究的结果应该有助于确定围青春期是否是一个关键的时间干预儿童 经历过早年的逆境

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Youth with severely adverse early life histories are at double the risk of increased emotional problems as they transition from childhood into adolescence. This risk may reflect the calibration of stress-mediating systems to harsh conditions during sensitive periods early in life. Yet, not all youth with such histories are affected. The proposed study tests the novel pubertal stress recalibration hypothesis; specifically puberty opens a second sensitive period for calibration of stress-mediating systems to current life conditions at the approach of sexual maturity. For youth who experienced adverse early care, pubertal development allows a shifting of stress-system activity to that seen among youth without such histories if concurrent stressors are low and a hyper-sensitization of stress activity if current life conditions are stressful. Our target participants will be youth adopted internationally from orphanages (post-institutionalied, PI) youth, compared to youth reared in their families of origin (non-adopted,NA). We will follow 368 youth examining them annually over 3 time points (0, 1 and 2 yrs). The use of an accelerated longitudinal design (4 grps: 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14 yrs) and growth curve modeling allows examination of a broad range of the pubertal period (7 through 16 yrs). Annual measures will be made of the HPA axis (salivary cortisol), the SAM system (pre-ejection period) for PI and NA youth in relation to current life stress (Youth Life Stress Interview completed annually) and pubertal stage (annual nurse-conducted Tanner Staging). Measures of stress-mediating systems activity will be obtained using the Trier Social Stress Test for Children and home assessment of the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Our prior research with PI youth showed a normalization of the CAR by Tanner stage 3-5, compared to same aged youth at stages 1-2. This proposal is a logical extension of that work that will also test the hypothesis that shifts in stress-system activity mediates the increase in emotional problem symptoms in adolescence. The results of this study should help determine whether the peripubertal period is a critical time to intervene with children exposed to early life adversity.