Gene-Environment interplay and childhood obesity: An Adoption study.

描述(由申请者提供)：在过去的30年里，美国肥胖儿童的数量急剧增加。然而，扭转这一趋势的大多数努力都没有奏效。有两个因素可能是他们有限成功的基础。首先，大多数项目没有考虑到儿童患肥胖症的个人风险，包括他们的遗传和产前风险。其次，关于儿童时期体重轨迹预测因素的信息很少。这项拟议的研究测试了一个全面的肥胖发展模型，该模型结合了基于儿童的(遗传、产前)和基于家庭的(育儿实践和建模)肥胖的风险因素，并试图确定预测不健康与健康体重轨迹的风险星座。此外，还考察了出生后环境在多大程度上调节、缓解或放大了儿童肥胖风险的表达。因此，这项研究是开发新的预防计划的第一步，该计划可以根据儿童独特的脆弱性和需求来考虑他们的体重轨迹。拟议的研究是正在进行的早期生长和发育研究(EGDS)的延伸。EGDS是对领养儿童及其亲生父母和领养家庭进行的前瞻性、纵向研究。由于收养儿童的出生后环境与他们的产前环境和遗传风险不同，基因、产前和出生后因素对儿童发展的独特和交互作用可以在收养研究中得到澄清。EGDS专注于儿童情绪和行为问题以及能力的起源。这项提案旨在将EGDS的范围扩大到包括儿童肥胖症EGDS由两个参与者队列组成，总共抽样561组领养儿童及其出生和领养父母。第一组包括361套(出生日期在2003年1月至2006年1月；R01-HD042608，Pi Leve)；第二组包括200套(出生日期在2007年5月至2009年5月；R01-DA020585，Pi Neiderhiser)。为评估第一组儿童和领养家庭从9个月到8岁，以及评估第二组儿童和领养家庭从9个月到6岁提供了资金(R01-MH92118，Pis Leve，Neiderhiser)。从产后3个月开始，两个队列的亲生父母也进行了持续的评估。拟议的EGDS扩展的具体目标是：(1)确定2-9岁体重轨迹的遗传、产前和出生后环境预测因子；以及(2)测试儿童体重轨迹的出生后环境调节和调节模型。这项拟议的研究将使用在之前的评估中收集的生长和产前数据，并收集与儿童生长相关的新数据，以及儿童在7至9岁之间肥胖的行为、遗传和出生后家庭风险。分析将结合来自两个队列的数据。这项研究将加强对遗传、产前和出生后风险对体重轨迹的贡献的理解，以及在存在遗传或产前风险的情况下最有可能促进健康体重的出生后环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of obese children in the US has increased dramatically over the past thirty years. Most efforts to reverse this trend, however, have not been effective. Two factors may underlie their limited success. First, most programs do not take into account children's personal risk for obesity, including their genetic and prenatal risks. Second, there is little information about factors that predict weight trajectories during childhood. The proposed study tests a comprehensive developmental model of obesity that incorporates child-based (genetic, prenatal) and family-based (parenting practices and modeling) risk factors for obesity, and seeks to identify constellations of risk that predict unhealthy vs. healthy weight trajectories. Furthermore, the degree to which the postnatal environment mediates, mitigates or amplifies the expression of child-based risks for obesity is examined. As such, this study represents a first step in developing new prevention programs that can consider children's weight trajectories in light of their unique vulnerabilities and needs. The proposed research is an extension of the ongoing Early Growth and Development study (EGDS). EGDS is a prospective, longitudinal study of adoptive children, along with their birth parents and adoptive families. Because adoptive children's postnatal environments are distinct from their prenatal environments and genetic risk, the unique and interactive contributions of genes, prenatal, and postnatal factors to child development can be clarified in adoption studies. EGDS has focused on the origins of child emotional and behavioral problems and competence. This proposal seeks to extend the scope of EGDS to include childhood obesity EGDS is comprised of two participant cohorts, for a total sample of 561 sets of adopted children, and their birth and adoptive parents. Cohort I includes 361 sets (birth dates between January 2003 - January 2006; R01-HD042608, PI Leve), and Cohort II includes 200 sets (birth dates between May 2007 and May 2009; R01- DA020585, PI Neiderhiser). EGDS has been funded to assess Cohort I children and adoptive families from child age 9 months through 8 years, and Cohort II children and adoptive families from child age 9 months to 6 years (R01-MH92118, PIs Leve, Neiderhiser). Birth parents from both Cohorts have also been assessed on an ongoing basis since 3 months post-partum. The specific aims of the proposed extension of EGDS are to: (1) Identify genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental predictors of weight trajectories from 2-9 years of age; and (2) Test postnatal environmental mediation and moderation models for children's weight trajectories. The proposed research will use growth and prenatal data collected during previous assessments, and gather new data related to children's growth, and behavioral, genetic and postnatal family risks for obesity when children are between 7 and 9 years of age. Analyses will combine data from both Cohorts. This research will enhance understanding of the contributions of genetic, prenatal and postnatal risks to weight trajectories, and of postnatal environments that are most likely to foster healthy weights in the presence of genetic or prenatal risk.