Jail-Based Treatment to Reduce Substance Abuse, Recidivism and Risky Behavior

项目描述（申请人提供）：本项目将社会人格理论和道德情感认知研究引入到犯罪、药物滥用、HIV风险行为等应用问题中。主要目的是更好地理解道德情感（即羞耻，内疚和同理心）和道德认知（即犯罪信念）在当前和最近被监禁的罪犯的生活中的作用，并针对这些理论上指定的行动机制（MOAs）制定有效的文化敏感的监狱干预措施，以减少释放后物质使用，艾滋病毒风险和再犯，并加强罪犯重新融入社会。(1)完成研究1的1年和4年的出狱后访谈，这是一项对508名重刑犯在进入县监狱后不久进行的道德情绪和认知的基础研究前瞻性研究，并将研究扩展为7年和10年的出狱后随访访谈；(2)完成研究2的初始阶段，即对200名即将出狱的监狱囚犯进行恢复性司法启发的犯罪影响（IOC）群体干预的II期随机临床试验（RCT），重点关注道德情感和认知作为MOAs，并将该纵向研究扩展为释放后3年和5年的评估；(3)将IOC干预“分解”为短期模块，并进行1b阶段随机对照试验评估，以确定其最活跃的组成部分，为审前和量刑前囚犯（监狱囚犯中最短暂的亚群体）量身定制，以一种“设置友好”的形式应对监狱环境的独特约束；(4)完成一项Ib期随机对照试验，对有物质使用障碍的囚犯进行简短的人工“减少羞耻感”的群体干预。研究2、3和4的目的是根据研究1的结果，开发适合监狱囚犯独特需求和监狱环境限制的治疗方法。每年有760万囚犯从惩教机构获释，其中大多数（700万）是从拘留所释放，而不是监狱。然而，大多数治疗——实际上大多数治疗研究——发生在监狱，而不是监狱。与通常位于偏远农村地区的监狱不同，监狱位于社区中心，便于释放后规划、家庭团聚、持续照料等。尽管严重未被充分利用，我们国家的监狱提供了一个理想的机会窗口，可以及时干预大量高风险、多重需求的人口。综上所述，拟议的项目旨在帮助填补这一空白，为监狱囚犯开发基于理论的经验支持治疗方法，利用关于道德情感和道德认知的前沿社会心理学研究，并利用创新的评估技术来协助治疗提供者。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project imports social-personality theory and research on moral emotions and cognitions to the applied problems of crime, substance abuse, and HIV risk behavior. The primary aims are to better understand the role of moral emotions (i.e., shame, guilt and empathy) and moral cognitions (i.e., criminogenic beliefs) in the lives of currently and recently incarcerated offenders, and to develop effective culturally sensitive jail-based interventions targeting these theoretically specified mechanisms of actions (MOAs) to reduce post-release substance use, HIV risk, and recidivism and to enhance offenders' reintegration into the community. Funding is requested to support 4 initiatives: (1) Complete 1 and 4 year post-release interviews of Study 1, a basic research prospective study of moral emotions and cognitions of 508 serious offenders first assessed shortly upon entry to a county jail, and extend the study with 7 and 10 year post-release follow-up interviews; (2) Complete initial phases of Study 2, a Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) of the restorative justice-inspired Impact of Crime (IOC) group intervention of 200 jail inmates nearing release into the community, focusing on moral emotions and cognitions as MOAs, and extending this longitudinal study with 3 and 5 year post-release assessments; (3) "Dismantle" the IOC intervention into shorter term modules, and conduct a Phase 1b RCT evaluation to identify its most active components, tailored for pre-trial and pre-sentencing inmates, the most transient subpopulation of jail inmates, in a form that is "setting friendly" responding to the unique constraints of the jail environment; (4) Complete a Phase Ib RCT of a brief manualized "shame-reducing" group intervention for inmates with Substance Use Disorders. The aims of Studies 2, 3 and 4 are to develop treatments tailored to the unique needs of jail inmates and the constraints of jail settings, drawing on results of Study 1. Each year, 7.6 million inmates are released from correctional facilities - with most (7 million) released from jails, not prisons. Yet most treatment - and indeed most treatment research - occurs in prisons, not jails. Unlike prisons typically situated in distant rural areas, jails are located in the heart of communities facilitating post-release planning, family re-unification, continuity of care, etc. Although seriously underutilized, our nation's jails offer an ideal window of opportunity for timely intervention with a large high-risk, multi- need population. Taken together, the proposed project is designed to help fill this gap, developing theory-based empirically supported treatments for jail inmates, capitalizing on cutting edge social psychological research on moral emotions and moral cognitions, and utilizing innovative technologies for assessment to assist treatment providers.