Perkin-Elmer NexION-300D Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)

描述（由申请人提供）：2000年，哥伦比亚大学的一组科学家获得了NIEHS的P42超级基金研究项目的巨额资助，该项目题为“砷和锰的健康影响和地球化学”。“该赠款现已两次竞争性更新，重点关注因饮用天然富含砷和/或锰的井水而引起的全球公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）估计，超过1.4亿人长期暴露于高浓度的砷。虽然我们的工作包括在美国（缅因州、新罕布什尔州和新泽西）的项目，但我们工作的主要重点是在孟加拉国开展的一系列项目，自20世纪70年代初以来，那里约有4 000万人长期接触这两种有毒元素，当时联合国儿童基金会安装了约100万口威尔斯井，以减少饮用地表水造成的疟疾负担。在过去的十年中，我们的P42赠款已经为当前提案中的四名研究人员提供了九项R 01赠款;这四名研究人员曾经都在哥伦比亚大学，但现在分散在三个机构，即，哥伦比亚、纽约大学和芝加哥大学。我们的研究依赖于Perkin-Elmer电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS），该仪器现已使用12年，需要更换。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）同时测定血中砷、锰、铅和硒的浓度，并测定血和尿中砷的6种代谢产物的比例。仅在过去七年中，该仪器就分析了近18，000份生物样本。Joseph Graziano博士的工作重点是暴露于As和过量Mn对儿童的影响。玛丽甘布尔博士进行了具有里程碑意义的研究，表明孟加拉国研究参与者的叶酸状态深刻地影响了As代谢和毒性，叶酸补充促进了As甲基化（即，解毒）和消除，从而降低血液As。Habibul Ahsan博士曾担任一项纵向前瞻性队列研究的主要研究者，该研究题为“砷对健康的影响纵向研究”。“该项目于2000年在孟加拉国招募了12 000名成年人，并于2006年将样本规模扩大到24 000名参与者。HEALS研究产生了一系列具有里程碑意义的发现，涉及暴露与神经病变、肺部疾病、皮肤病变和慢性疾病死亡率之间的剂量-反应关系，以及作为效应调节剂的许多因素。最后，陈宇博士的研究集中在砷对心血管的显著影响上.

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In 2000, a group of scientists at Columbia University were awarded a large P42 Superfund Research Program grant from NIEHS entitled "Health Effects and Geochemistry of Arsenic and Manganese." That grant, now competitively renewed twice, has focused on the global public health problems that arise as a consequence of the consumption of well water that is naturally enriched in arsenic (As) and/or manganese (Mn). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 140 million people are chronically exposed to elevated concentrations of As alone. While our work includes projects in the U.S. (Maine, New Hampshire and New Jersey), the primary focus of our work has been a set of projects that take place in Bangladesh, where roughly 40 million people have been chronically exposed to both toxic elements since the early 1970s, when UNICEF installed roughly one million wells to reduce the burden of diarrheal disease from drinking surface water. Over the past decade, our P42 grant has spun off nine R01 grants to the four investigators in the current proposal; the four investigators were once all at Columbia University but are now spread across three institutions, i.e., Columbia, NYU and the University of Chicago. Our research has relied on a Perkin-Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) which is now 12 years old and in need of replacement. The ICP-MS is used to simultaneously measure the concentrations of As, Mn, Pb and Se in blood, and to measure the proportions of six metabolites of As in blood and urine. Over the past seven years alone, nearly 18,000 biological samples have been analyzed by this instrument. The work of Dr. Joseph Graziano has focused on the consequences of exposure to As and excess Mn on children. Dr. Mary Gamble has conducted landmark studies that indicate that the folate status of Bangladeshi study participants profoundly influences As metabolism and toxicity, and that folic acid supplementation facilitates As methylation (i.e., detoxification) and elimination, thereby lowering blood As. Dr. Habibul Ahsan has served as the PI of a longitudinal prospective cohort study entitled "Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS)." This project recruited 12,000 adults in Bangladesh in 2000, and increased its sample size to 24,000 participants in 2006. The HEALS study has produced a series of landmark findings concerning dose- response relationships between exposure and neuropathy, pulmonary disease, skin lesions, and chronic disease mortality, as well as a host of factors that act as effect modifiers. Finally, Dr.Yu Chen's research has focused on the remarkable cardiovascular effects of As.