Childhood Misfortune and Adult Health Among Black, White and Hispanic Americans

黑人、白人和西班牙裔美国人的童年不幸和成年后健康 项目摘要/摘要 将生命过程视角应用到成人健康研究中，揭示了 早期生活经历和晚年的健康结果。虽然现有的大多数研究都集中在这些方面 在白人成年人之间的联系，本研究调查了黑人、白人和西班牙裔之间的这些联系如何变化 成年人。该项目建立在生命过程的流行病学模型基础上，以阐明 多种形式的早期逆境会损害健康。 以前的研究已经证明了早期不幸在生活过程中的严重性，但相对 人们很少注意到种族和民族差异，无论是累积的不幸还是 这样对成年人的健康。拟议中的研究利用累积不平等理论来检查这些种族 以及种族差异在晚年积累的不幸和健康方面的差异，同时考察资源(两者 社会经济和心理社会)、感知到的种族歧视和成年人的行为影响结果。 这项研究的数据来自2004年间健康和退休研究(HRS)的四次浪潮 和2010年。这项研究使用了2004年19,630名成年人(51岁及以上)和14,985名受访者的数据 在2010年再次接受采访，提供了六年的观察和观察两人健康的机会 变化(如发病率、残疾和自评健康)和死亡率。这项研究有三个具体目标： 1.研究哪些类型和模式的童年不幸对健康和 黑人、白人和西班牙裔成年人的死亡率。 2.确定哪些成人行为以及社会经济和心理社会资源可能会调节这种联系 童年的不幸与晚年的健康和死亡之间的关系。 3.测试感知到的种族歧视在调节儿童与儿童之间的关系方面的作用 黑人、白人和西班牙裔成年人的不幸与成人健康和死亡率。 根据上述目标得出的假设，将通过各种多变量分析进行检验。 评估童年不幸对成人健康和死亡率的直接和间接影响的技术， 调解和缓和的正式测试。

Childhood Misfortune and Adult Health among Black, White, and Hispanic Americans Project Summary/Abstract Applying the life course perspective to the study of adult health has uncovered important links between early-life experiences and health outcomes in later life. Although most of the extant research focuses on these links among White adults, the present study examines how these links may vary for Black, White, and Hispanic adults. The project builds upon epidemiologic models of the life course to explicate the mechanisms by which multiple forms of early adversity compromise health. Previous research has demonstrated the gravity of early misfortune on the life course, but relatively little attention has been given to racial and ethnic differences in both accumulated misfortune and the effects of such on adult health. The proposed research draws upon cumulative inequality theory to examine these racial and ethnic differences in accumulated misfortune and health in later life while examining how resources (both socioeconomic and psychosocial), perceived racial discrimination, and adult behavior influence the outcomes. Data for this research come from four waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) between 2004 and 2010. The study uses data from 19,630 adults (ages 51 and older) in 2004, and 14,985 respondents who were re-interviewed in 2010, providing six years of observation and the opportunity to observe both health changes (e.g., morbidity, disability and self-rated health) and mortality. This study has three specific aims: 1. To examine which types and patterns of childhood misfortune are most consequential to health and mortality among Black, White, and Hispanic adults. 2. To identify which adult behaviors and socioeconomic and psychosocial resources may mediate the links between childhood misfortune and both health and mortality in later life. 3. To test the role of perceived racial discrimination as a moderator of relationships between childhood misfortune and adult health and mortality among Black, White, and Hispanic adults. The hypotheses, derived from the above aims, will be tested with a variety of multivariate analytic techniques to estimate direct and indirect effects of childhood misfortune on adult health and mortality, with formal tests of mediation and moderation.