Transition Metal Catalyzed Methods for Preparing Nitroalkanes and Alkyl Amines

现代医学依赖于复杂有机分子的制备。这些化合物包括 大多数药剂的活性成分。由于需要更有选择性，更有效， 随着有效药物的增加，对开发有效的化学药物的新方法的需求日益增长。 复杂有机分子的合成。 烷基胺是许多主要药剂中的常见结构元素。而其中也有很多 尽管存在用于它们的构建的方法，但这些方法中的许多依赖于常见的化学中间体（羰基 化合物）作为起始材料。这种常见的化学原料限制了烷基胺可以 做好准备因此，需要新的方法来从其他前体制备这样的分子。 本文概述了两种以非羰基化合物为起始原料制备复合烷基胺的新方法 材料.所提出的方法的主题联系是利用过渡金属基催化剂， 开发利用硝基烷烃原料合成胺的新方法。在目标1中， 提出了使用简单铜催化剂的硝基烷烃的碳中心烷基化。的产物 这些反应容易转化为烷基胺。以前实现这种转换的方法依赖于 实验上要求苛刻的反应条件或复杂或高毒性试剂的使用。 在初步发现硝基烷碳烷基化反应条件温和的基础上， 丰富的烷基卤，提出了一种制备复杂硝基烷烃的通用方法。目标2概述了计划 用于开发一种使用催化剂将硝基烷烃转化为对映体富集的胺的方法， 钌催化这种新方法有望提供一种新的途径，成为对映体富集胺， 与现有方法高度互补，可广泛用于目标1的产品， 以及通过现有方法制备的硝基烷烃。 总的来说，预计所提出的方法将提供更好的获得复杂的烷基胺， 非传统原料。这一工作将直接有益于复杂含氮化合物的制备 有机分子，并有助于发现下一代药剂。

Modern medicine is reliant on the preparation of complex organic molecules. These compounds comprise the active ingredients of most pharmaceutical agents. As the need for more selective, more potent, and more effective medicines increases, there is an ever-growing need to develop new methods for efficient chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules. Alkyl amines are a common structural element in many major pharmaceutical agents. Although numerous methods exist for their construction, many of these methods rely on common chemical intermediates (carbonyl compounds) as starting materials. This common chemical feedstock limits the ways in which alkyl amines can be prepared. Thus, there is need for new methods to prepare such molecules from other precursors. This proposal outlines two new methods to prepare complex alkyl amines using non-carbonyl starting materials. The thematic linkage of the proposed methods is the utilization of transition metal-based catalysts to develop new approaches to amine synthesis using nitroalkane starting materials. In Aim 1, a new approach to the carbon-centered alkylation of nitroalkanes using simple copper catalysts is proposed. The products from these reactions are readily converted into alkyl amines. Previous methods to achieve this transformation relied on experimentally demanding reaction conditions or on the use of either complex or highly toxic reagents. Based on our preliminary discovery of mild reaction conditions for the C-alkylation of nitroalkanes using abundant alkyl halides, a general method to prepare complex nitroalkanes is proposed. Aim 2 outlines plans for the development of a method for the catalytic conversion of nitroalkanes into enantioenriched amines using ruthenium catalysis. This new method promises to provide a new route into enantioenriched amines that is highly complementary to existing methods and can be broadly leveraged against the products from Aim 1, as well as nitroalkanes prepared by existing methods. In total, the proposed methodology is expected to provide improved access to complex alkyl amines using non-traditional starting materials. This effort will directly benefit the preparation of complex nitrogen-bearing organic molecules and aid in the discovery of the next generation of pharmaceutical agents.