Gene-Environment interplay and childhood obesity: An Adoption study.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的三十年里，美国肥胖儿童的数量急剧增加。然而，扭转这一趋势的大多数努力都没有效果。有两个因素可能是他们有限成功的原因。首先，大多数项目没有考虑到儿童肥胖的个人风险，包括他们的遗传和产前风险。其次，关于儿童时期预测体重轨迹的因素的信息很少。这项研究测试了一个全面的肥胖发展模型，该模型结合了基于儿童（遗传，产前）和基于家庭（育儿实践和建模）的肥胖风险因素，并试图确定预测不健康与健康体重轨迹的风险星座。此外，在何种程度上的产后环境介导，减轻或放大的表达儿童为基础的肥胖症的风险进行了检查。因此，这项研究代表了制定新的预防计划的第一步，该计划可以根据儿童独特的脆弱性和需求考虑儿童的体重轨迹。 这项研究是正在进行的早期生长和发育研究（EGDS）的延伸。EGDS是一项对收养儿童沿着亲生父母和收养家庭的前瞻性纵向研究。由于收养儿童的出生后的环境是不同的，从他们的产前环境和遗传风险，独特的和互动的贡献，基因，产前和出生后的因素，儿童的发展，可以澄清在收养研究。EGDS专注于儿童情绪和行为问题以及能力的起源。该提案旨在扩大EGDS的范围，以包括儿童肥胖EGDS由两个参与者队列组成，共561组被收养儿童及其亲生父母和养父母的样本。队列I包括361组（出生日期在2003年1月至2006年1月之间; R 01-HD 042608，PI Leve），队列II包括200组（出生日期在2007年5月至2009年5月之间; R 01-DA 020585，PI Neiderhiser）。EGDS已获得资助，用于评估9个月至8岁儿童的队列I儿童和收养家庭，以及9个月至6岁儿童的队列II儿童和收养家庭（R 01-MH 92118，PI Leve，Neiderhiser）。自产后3个月起，还对两个队列的亲生父母进行了持续评估。拟议扩展EGDS的具体目标是：（1）确定2-9岁体重轨迹的遗传、产前和产后环境预测因素;（2）测试儿童体重轨迹的产后环境调解和调节模型。这项拟议的研究将使用以前评估期间收集的生长和产前数据，并收集与儿童生长有关的新数据，以及7至9岁儿童肥胖的行为，遗传和产后家庭风险。分析将结合两个队列的联合收割机数据。这项研究将加强对遗传、产前和产后风险对体重轨迹的贡献的理解，以及对在存在遗传或产前风险的情况下最有可能促进健康体重的产后环境的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of obese children in the US has increased dramatically over the past thirty years. Most efforts to reverse this trend, however, have not been effective. Two factors may underlie their limited success. First, most programs do not take into account children's personal risk for obesity, including their genetic and prenatal risks. Second, there is little information about factors that predict weight trajectories during childhood. The proposed study tests a comprehensive developmental model of obesity that incorporates child-based (genetic, prenatal) and family-based (parenting practices and modeling) risk factors for obesity, and seeks to identify constellations of risk that predict unhealthy vs. healthy weight trajectories. Furthermore, the degree to which the postnatal environment mediates, mitigates or amplifies the expression of child-based risks for obesity is examined. As such, this study represents a first step in developing new prevention programs that can consider children's weight trajectories in light of their unique vulnerabilities and needs. The proposed research is an extension of the ongoing Early Growth and Development study (EGDS). EGDS is a prospective, longitudinal study of adoptive children, along with their birth parents and adoptive families. Because adoptive children's postnatal environments are distinct from their prenatal environments and genetic risk, the unique and interactive contributions of genes, prenatal, and postnatal factors to child development can be clarified in adoption studies. EGDS has focused on the origins of child emotional and behavioral problems and competence. This proposal seeks to extend the scope of EGDS to include childhood obesity EGDS is comprised of two participant cohorts, for a total sample of 561 sets of adopted children, and their birth and adoptive parents. Cohort I includes 361 sets (birth dates between January 2003 - January 2006; R01-HD042608, PI Leve), and Cohort II includes 200 sets (birth dates between May 2007 and May 2009; R01- DA020585, PI Neiderhiser). EGDS has been funded to assess Cohort I children and adoptive families from child age 9 months through 8 years, and Cohort II children and adoptive families from child age 9 months to 6 years (R01-MH92118, PIs Leve, Neiderhiser). Birth parents from both Cohorts have also been assessed on an ongoing basis since 3 months post-partum. The specific aims of the proposed extension of EGDS are to: (1) Identify genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental predictors of weight trajectories from 2-9 years of age; and (2) Test postnatal environmental mediation and moderation models for children's weight trajectories. The proposed research will use growth and prenatal data collected during previous assessments, and gather new data related to children's growth, and behavioral, genetic and postnatal family risks for obesity when children are between 7 and 9 years of age. Analyses will combine data from both Cohorts. This research will enhance understanding of the contributions of genetic, prenatal and postnatal risks to weight trajectories, and of postnatal environments that are most likely to foster healthy weights in the presence of genetic or prenatal risk.