Pressure-inducer and Sensor to Map Dynamic Periodontal Mechanobiological Activity

摘要 建议的跨学科方法是测试弹性传感器的功能，该传感器将同时创建 并在临床前的兔子模型中测量磨牙的压力。商业上可用的敏感度 封装在硅胶中的亚毫米电容式硅压力传感器将被定义为能够 监测牙齿在短期和长期阶段对牙冠的压力/力的时间变化 动静。科学前提：在正畸牙齿移动(OTM)中，矿物质的形成和吸收 由牙周复合体中的自然牙齿漂移引起的事件通常通过时间依赖的 PDL的机械响应特性。这在很大程度上是通过对 临床操作中牙冠上的力和力偶的大小和方向。使用一个 校准了牙冠上的力，初步的洞察力使我们假设 提出的生物传感器的灵敏度可以通过识别逐渐的移动率来确定 压力(∆Pg/∆t)。这些变化将促使自然产生的矿物逐渐逆转。 牙槽窝处的吸收和形成导致最小的牙齿修复/复发 他们最初的立场。压力的突变率(∆pa/∆t)将指示 这些生物事件的逆转和显著的牙齿复发。拟议的两个目标将包括；目标 1.研究兔第一、第二磨牙间弹性传感器的灵敏度。 牙冠压力的时间变化将与牙根的功能关系相关联 在短期(t=0，1天(D))和长期(1周(Wk)和2周(Wk))期间牙槽骨和牙槽骨间隙的变化 周))的OTM阶段，以及牙齿修复/复发。目的2.研究功能 兔第一至第二磨牙间弹性传感器的有效性。被测量对象的时间移位 在体内，弹性传感器不同厚度的输入压力(相对于PDL空间)将被映射并 与由此产生的生物反应相关。将使用三种类型的传感器厚度(T)：1) 相当于PDL空间(兔的平均PDL空间为70-100微米)，低15%-20%(T&lt；PDL空间)和 比平均PDL-SPACE(T&>；PDL-SPACE)高15-20%，时间点与目标1相似。 现成的微电子机械系统(MEMS)和简单的压力传感器制造将 允许将早期工作的重点放在利用活体模型进行概念验证实验上，未来的目标是 在临床正畸患者中的应用。这项研究将使力量调制的精确量化成为可能 关于牙冠(目标1)，通过与生物过程(目标2)相关联，这将促进最佳OTM 最小牙齿恢复/复发。这些数据将有助于将拟议的技术转化为临床应用 特别是在OTM干预的短期和长期阶段。

ABSTRACT The proposed interdisciplinary approach is to test the functionality of an elastic sensor that will both create and measure pressure on molar teeth in a preclinical rabbit model. Sensitivity of the commercially available sub-millimeter capacitive silicon pressure sensor encapsulated in silicone will be defined as the ability to monitor temporal shifts in pressures/forces on the tooth-crown during short- and long-term phases of tooth movements. Scientific Premise: In orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), the mineral formation and resorption events caused by natural tooth drift in the periodontal complex are often reversed through the time dependent mechanoresponsive nature of the PDL. This is achieved through largely qualitative adjustments of the magnitude and direction of forces and couples on the tooth crowns during clinical manipulations. With a calibrated force on the tooth-crown, preliminary insights have led us to hypothesize that the temporal sensitivity of the proposed biosensor can be mapped by identifying the gradual rate of shift in pressure (∆Pg/∆t). These shifts will prompt gradual reversal of the naturally occurring mineral resorption and formation at the PDL-entheses resulting in minimum tooth recovery/relapse toward their original position. An abrupt rate of shift in pressure (∆Pa/∆t) will be indicative of an abrupt reversal of these biological events and significant tooth relapse. The proposed two aims will include; Aim 1. To investigate the sensitivity of an elastic sensor between the 1st and 2nd molars in a rabbit model. Temporal shifts in pressure on the tooth-crown will be correlated with the functional relationship of the root with the alveolar bone, and changes in PDL-space during short- (t=0, 1 day (D)) and long-term (1 week (wk) and 2 weeks (wks)) phases of OTM, as well as tooth recovery/relapse. Aim 2. To investigate the functional effectiveness of an elastic sensor between 1st and 2nd molars of a rabbit. Temporal shifts in the measured in vivo input pressure at different thicknesses of the elastic sensor (relative to PDL-space) will be mapped and correlated with resulting biological responses. Three types of sensor thicknesses (T) will be used: 1) equivalent to PDL-space (T~average PDL-space in a rabbit: 70-100 µm), 15-20% lower (T<PDL-space) and 15-20% higher than average PDL-space (T>PDL-space) with time points similar to Aim 1. This combination of readily available micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and simple fabrication into a pressure sensor will allow early efforts to be focused on proof-of-concept experiments utilizing in vivo models with the future goal of application in orthodontic patients in the clinic. This study will enable precise quantification of force modulation on tooth-crowns (Aim 1) by correlating with biological processes (Aim 2), that will facilitate optimal OTM with minimum tooth recovery/relapse. This data will help translate the proposed technology to clinical applications especially during short- and long-term phases of OTM intervention.