Mali ICEMR Project 1: The Epidemiology of Malaria Control Strategies

项目1概要 在过去十年中，广泛使用疟疾控制工具， 大幅度减少撒哈拉以南地区与该疾病有关的发病率和死亡人数 Africa（ref）.然而，该区域在全球贸易中所占的份额仍然过高， 疟疾造成的死亡负担。此外，在一些国家， 在长时间的下降之后， 密集部署疟疾控制工具。差距在我们的知识，这个项目， 将填写关于当前疟疾组合之间的关系和相互作用的信息， 控制干预措施、传播的昆虫学方面和人类感染的发病率 感染和疾病在西非不同的生态区，跨越热带草原， 撒哈拉以南萨赫勒地区。这个项目的目标是了解为什么不同的 疟疾流行病学和地方病的模式对当前的控制战略具有弹性 在马里的四个地点四个实地点表现出不同的地方性，季节性的长度， 以及控制干预措施的不同组合和实施这些措施的持续时间 干预措施。具体目标是：1）确定以下因素的基于队列的长期影响： 同时采取疟疾控制干预措施， 在4个生态环境中与无性生殖疟疾感染有关的疟疾， 西非疟疾控制干预措施的不同组合; 2]确定 疟疾病媒种群组成、叮咬行为和 子孢子率与在每个生态系统部署的持续病媒控制工具的关系 3]评估向量的时间和空间变化之间的关系 流行病学参数和人类恶性疟原虫感染和疾病 人口。该项目将疟疾传播和疾病的不同方面联系起来 整合成一个统一的整体，增加了区分不同疟疾的能力， 对寄生虫种群和免疫反应范围的控制干预（项目2， 按蚊的季节分布和地理分布 蚊虫病媒（项目3）。了解与昆虫学和 传播的流行病学模式将为疟疾提供更明确的指导方针 在马里和西非的控制努力。

PROJECT 1 SUMMARY Wide deployment of malaria control tools in the past decade, has significantly contribute to substantial reduction of the incidence and deaths related to the disease in Sub-sahara Africa (ref). Yet, the region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden of malaria deaths. Moreover incidence remains high but stable in some settings while rebounding in others after a long period of decrease associated with intensive deployment of malaria control tools. The gap in our knowledge that this project will fill is information on the relationships interaction among current combination of malaria control interventions, entomologic aspects of transmission and the incidence of human infection and disease in different eco-zones across West Africa that span the savanna and sub-Saharan Sahel region. The goal of this project is to understand why different patterns of malaria epidemiology and endemicity are resilient to current control strategies at four sites in Mali. The four field sites exhibit different endemicities, length of seasonality, and different combinations of control interventions and duration of implementation of those interventions. The specific aims are 1] Determine a cohort-based long-term effect of concurrent malaria control interventions on the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in relation with asexual an sexual malaria infections at 4 ecological settings with different combination of malaria control interventions in West Africa; 2] Determine seasonal changes in malaria vector population composition, biting behavior and sporozoite rates in relation with ongoing vector control tools deployed on each ecological setting; 3] Assess the relationships between temporal and spatial variations in vector epidemiological parameters, and P. falciparum infection and disease in human populations. This project links the different aspects of malaria transmission and disease into a unified whole, adding the ability to distinguish the contributions of different malaria control interventions on parasite population and range of immune responses (Project 2, Immunopahtogenesis) and seasonal and geographical distribution of Anopheline mosquitoes vectors (Project 3). Understanding the factors relating entomologic and epidemiological patterns of transmission will provide more definitive guidelines for malaria control efforts in Mali and in West Africa.