Adaptive responses to overfeeding and weight regain in reduced obese individuals

项目摘要/摘要 减肥后体重恢复的长期问题可能是最大的障碍 应对当前的肥胖症流行。减肥后恢复体重的生物动力应该是在 部分原因是食欲增加导致能量摄入(EI)增加和能量消耗(EE)减少 部分原因是体力活动(PA)中消耗的能量发生了变化。这些对体重的生理适应 在饮食不检点导致过量进食的情况下，损失最为相关 肥胖(RO)者不能以一种维持减少的能量平衡的方式对正能量平衡状态做出反应 州政府。越来越多的证据表明，运动(RO-Ex)的RO个人不太可能恢复为 与久坐不动的RO人相比(RO-SED)。我们对OF对EI的影响进行了研究， 非肥胖者易肥胖(OP)或抵抗肥胖(OR)的EE、PA和脂肪代谢。科目 然后跟踪观察5年，测量体重变化。这些研究表明， 夜间脂肪氧化的反应和中等/重度PA水平升高与5 年体重增加表明这些因素可能是体重增加的重要机制。进一步 我们已经证明，饥饿的衡量标准不能抑制RO个体的饥饿，夜间脂肪 氧化在RO-SED中减少，但在RO-Ex中保持在包括一轮运动的一天之后。我们 现在建议研究EE、EI、PA和脂肪代谢对OF(基础能量以上40%)的反应 在肥胖、RO-SED和RO-Ex男性和女性中)，并将这些反应与 第二年。我们假设，这些变量中的一个或多个对意志的反应发生变化 与体重恢复有关。这些研究的意义在于，它们将开始澄清 RO个体体重回升倾向背后的代谢机制。创新： 拟议的研究将系统地检查对OF的一系列反应，并前瞻性地将它们与 体重增加，同时考虑到与体重恢复相关的行为方面。我们相信这些都是 这些研究将为将来研究特定适应性的潜在机制奠定基础 与体重恢复直接相关的应对措施，有助于制定应对和/或应对措施的战略 到这些过程中。

Project Summary/Abstract The persistent problem of weight regain following weight loss is perhaps the most significant barrier to addressing the current obesity epidemic. The biological drive to regain weight following weight loss is due in part to increased appetite leading to increased energy intake (EI) and reductions in energy expenditure (EE) in part due to changes in energy expended in physical activity (PA). These physiological adaptations to weight loss are most relevant during episodes of dietary indiscretion resulting in overfeeding (OF) when reduced obese (RO) people fail to respond to the state of positive energy balance in a way that maintains the reduced state. There is increasing evidence that RO individuals who exercise (RO-Ex) are less likely to regain as compared to RO individuals who are sedentary (RO-Sed). We conducted studies on the effects of OF on EI, EE, PA and fat metabolism in non-obese individuals either prone (OP) or resistant to obesity (OR). Subjects were then followed for 5 years to measure weight change. These studies showed that differences in the response of nocturnal fat oxidation and higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA following OF correlated with 5 year weight gain suggesting that these factors were potentially important mechanisms for weight gain. Further we have shown that measures of hunger fail to suppress with OF in RO individuals and that nocturnal fat oxidation is reduced in RO-Sed but maintained in RO-Ex following a day that included a bout of exercise. We now propose to study the responses of EE, EI, PA and fat metabolism to OF (40% above basal energy for 3 days) in obese, RO-Sed and RO-Ex men and women and correlate these responses to weight change over the subsequent year. We hypothesize that changes in the response of one or more of these variables to OF will correlate with weight regain. The Significance of the studies lies in the fact that they will begin to clarify the metabolic mechanisms that underlie a propensity for weight regain in RO individuals. Innovation: The proposed studies will systematically examine a range of responses to OF and prospectively correlate them with weight gain while taking into account aspects of behavior relevant to weight regain. We believe that these studies will lay a foundation for future studies that will examine the mechanisms underlying specific adaptive responses that directly relate to weight regain and help with the design of strategies to address and/or respond to these processes.