Mechanisms of T cell Activation in Hypertension

摘要 近年来，我们实验室和其他实验室的研究表明，先天免疫和获得性免疫发挥了作用 在高血压发生中的关键作用。这个项目的主要假设是，中枢神经 系统协调树突状细胞(DC)和T细胞的活动，这反过来又影响血管和肾脏 来提高血压。我们还发现了等缩醛蛋白加合物在高血压中的新作用。 这些氧化修饰的蛋白聚集在DC中，导致DC激活，并似乎作为新的抗原。 在最近的一项研究中，我们还表明，高血压中DC和T细胞激活的一个主要部位是 肾脏。这些发现非常新颖，因为它们显示了DC在高血压中的新角色，我们 计划进一步了解体内高血压刺激对这些细胞的激活作用。我们会打断你的话 通过删除旋转腹侧延髓NADPH氧化酶亚单位p22Phox实现交感神经流出 Cre-lox技术，并将通过删除AT1受体(AT1R)来阻止血管紧张素II的中枢作用 脑室周围器官。我们还将通过删除AT1R来研究血管紧张素II对DC的直接影响 在DC中，再次使用CRE-Lox方法。将通过检查DC来监测这些干预措施的影响 在目标2中，我们将使用新的 我们制造的小鼠具有1类主要组织相容性复合体(MHC1)的可溶性形式。分布式控制系统来自 这些小鼠排出了大量的MHC1，我们采用了一些方法来获取异缩醛加合物 这些多肽用于蛋白质组学分析。在与项目3的合作中，我们将检查特定的能力 目标2中确定的异缩醛加成肽可促进高血压特异性T细胞杂交瘤的增殖。 在目标3中，我们将研究记忆T细胞在应对反复高血压挑战中的作用。我们的 初步数据显示，这些物质在调节盐敏感型高血压方面起着关键作用。一位模特 将采用与项目3联合开发的方案。初步数据显示，这些重复出现 挑战促进产生大量IL-2的效应记忆T细胞(TEM细胞)在肾脏积聚 17A和干扰素-。我们还发现，在高血压小鼠的骨髓中积聚了透射电子显微镜细胞，并将 确定这些神经元在对反复的高血压刺激的反应中的作用，以及交感神经如何 系统调节它们的贩运和激活。这一目标的一个重要方面将是确定 患有高血压或高血压前期的人的记忆T细胞具有表观遗传学变化 易产生炎性细胞因子。这些实验将采用一种新的ATAC-SEQ技术， 在项目2中与Weyand博士和Goronzy博士合作执行，以绘制T 细胞子集。总体而言，这些研究有望加深我们对高血压的理解，并提供新的 对于这种常见且难以治疗的疾病的治疗选择。

ABSTRACT In recent years, research from our laboratory and others has shown that innate and adaptive immunity play critical roles in the genesis of hypertension. The major hypothesis of this project is that the central nervous system coordinates actions of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, which in turn affect the vasculature and kidney to raise blood pressure. We have also discovered a novel role of isoketal-protein adducts in hypertension. These oxidatively modified proteins accumulate in DCs, lead to DC activation and seem to act as neoantigens. In a recent study, we have also shown that a major site of DC and T cell activation in hypertension is the kidney. These findings are extremely novel, because they show a new role of DCs in hypertension, and we plan to gain further insight into activation of these cells by hypertensive stimuli in vivo. We will interrupt sympathetic outflow by deleting the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in the rostroventral lateral medulla using cre-lox technology and will prevent the central actions of angiotensin II by deleting the AT1 receptor (AT1R) in circumventricular organs. We will also examine the direct effect of angiotensin II on DCs by deleting the AT1R in DCs, again using Cre-Lox approaches. The impact of these interventions will be monitored by examining DC isoketal-adduct formation and superoxide production in conjunction with Core A. In aim 2, we will employ novel mice we have made that have soluble forms of class 1 major histocompatibility complexes (MHC1). DCs from these mice shed large quantities of MHC1 and we have adopted methods to harvest isoketal-adducted peptides from these for proteomic analysis. In collaboration with project 3, we will examine the ability of specific isoketal-adducted peptides identified in aim 2 to drive proliferation of hypertension-specific T cell hybridomas. In aim 3, we will examine the role of memory T cells in responses to repeated hypertensive challenges. Our preliminary data show that these have a critical role in modulating salt-sensitive hypertension. A model developed in conjunction with project 3 will be employed. Preliminary data indicate that these repeated challenges promote renal accumulation of effector memory T cells (TEM cells) that produce large amounts of IL- 17A and IFN-. We also find that TEM cells accumulate in the bone marrow of hypertensive mice, and will determine the role of these in responding to repeated hypertensive stimuli, and how the sympathetic nervous system modulates their trafficking and activation. An important aspect of this aim will be to determine if memory T cells of humans with either hypertension or pre-hypertension have epigenetic alterations that predispose to inflammatory cytokine production. These experiments will employ a novel ATAC-seq technology, performed in collaboration with Drs. Weyand and Goronzy in project 2, to map the epigenetic landscape of T cell subsets. Overall, these studies promise to further our understanding of hypertension and provide new therapeutic options for this common and difficult to treat disease.