Evaluation of a Place of Last Drink Initiative to Reduce Overservice and Alcohol-Related Crime

在其经营场所提供酒精饮料的持牌酒精饮料企业（即，酒吧和餐馆） 影响血液酒精含量（BAC）水平的客户通过他们的服务实践。过度 持牌机构的酒精消费导致高BAC水平，这反过来又导致增加 残疾和与酒精有关的问题，如交通事故和暴力。专业服务人员， 向表现出明显醉酒迹象的个人提供酒精（即，过度服务）有助于这些 问题48个州的法律禁止过度饮酒，但很少有研究表明， 执行过度服务法。执法机构有动力执行酒精服务法， 资源有限，需要指导哪些策略是有效的。我们建议进行一项 对明尼苏达州社区目前正在使用的一项创新性过度服务执法战略的评估 以及美国其他州的最后一杯酒倡议（POLD）。在POLD倡议中，当响应 酒精相关事件（例如，在影响下驾驶，袭击），执法人员询问， 记录醉酒者最后饮酒的地点。定期监测这些数据， 确定过度饮酒的模式。经常被确定为POLD来源的事件包括 被执法部门访问，被要求参加培训，和/或接受处罚（例如，吊销执照）。 这可能会导致明显醉酒的顾客减少销售，最终减少与酒精有关的消费。 问题我们提出一项为期三年的研究，以评估以下目的：（1）评估POLD的效果 POLD与比较社区中与酒精有关的犯罪的执法情况，（2）评估 POLD与比较社区中酒精设施的酒精过度服务，（3）评估 与负责任的服务和过度服务执法有关的态度/观念和政策/做法 在POLD与比较社区的酒精设施的经理和服务员之间。发现将 为执法机构提供指导，以减少过度饮酒和与酒精有关的服务。 问题，并为未来的随机对照试验提供信息。

Licensed alcohol establishments that serve alcohol on their premises (i.e., bars and restaurants) directly influence the blood alcohol content (BAC) levels of their customers through their serving practices. Excessive alcohol consumption at licensed establishments leads to high BAC levels, which in turn leads to increased impairment and alcohol-related problems such as traffic crashes and violence. Professional service staff who provide alcohol to individuals who show obvious signs of intoxication (i.e., overservice) contribute to these problems. Overservice of alcohol is prohibited by law in 48 states but little research has been conducted on enforcement of overservice laws. Law enforcement agencies are motivated to enforce alcohol service laws but have limited resources and want guidance on which strategies are effective. We propose to conduct an evaluation of an innovative overservice enforcement strategy currently being used in communities in Minnesota as well as other U.S. states—place of last drink initiatives (POLD). In a POLD initiative, when responding to an alcohol-related incident (e.g., driving under the influence, assault), law enforcement agents ask about and record the place where an intoxicated individual last drank alcohol. These data are regularly monitored to identify patterns of overservice of alcohol. Establishments that are regularly identified as a POLD source are visited by law enforcement, are required to attend training, and/or receive a penalty (e.g., license suspension). This may lead to fewer sales to obviously intoxicated customers, and ultimately, reductions in alcohol-related problems. We propose a three-year study to assess the following aims: (1) evaluate effects of POLD enforcement on alcohol-related crime in POLD vs. comparison communities, (2) assess likelihood of overservice of alcohol at alcohol establishments in POLD vs. comparison communities, (3) assess attitudes/perceptions and policies/practices pertaining to responsible service and overservice enforcement among manager and servers of alcohol establishments in POLD vs. comparison communities. Findings will provide guidance for law enforcement agencies attempting to reduce overservice of alcohol and alcohol-related problems and inform future randomized control trials.