The Role of Motivation and Control in Cannabis Use Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study

摘要 世界范围内日益增长的大麻使用障碍(CUD)负担与脑部疾病的数量形成了鲜明对比 对潜在机制的研究。目前，CUDS是所有非法药物使用中最普遍的 精神障碍和长期禁欲的实现比例不到20%。此外，各国法律环境的变化 各国保证直接调查与大麻有关的文化对机制的潜在影响。 潜在的CUD。两位PI之前在大麻使用者中的研究表明，异常额叶- 奖赏加工中的边缘-顶叶脑反应及认知控制在奖赏加工和维持中的作用 丘兹。响应美国国立卫生研究院关于药物滥用和成瘾的国际研究合作的呼吁 研究，这项提案将汇集来自美国和荷兰(NL)的两名专家PI，重点是 CUDS的神经生物学机制。这项建议将利用两个私人投资总监在 以确定与CUDS相关的机制的跨文化相似性和差异性。此外， 它将建立一个国际合作，利用荷兰独特的大麻使用者群体 与美国大麻使用者的样本相比，长期不受阻碍地获得合法大麻。vbl.使用 横截面和纵向方法，这项建议将揭示共同的潜在神经生物学 跨文化样本中CUDS患者的发病机制及其与DSM 5的关系 CUD症状严重程度(特定目标1)。我们还将评估文化环境如何缓和这些 机制(具体目标2)。为此，来自美国的50名大麻使用者(Pi Filbey)和50名匹配的 将对来自民族解放力量(Pi Cousijn)的大麻使用者以及每个地点50个匹配的对照进行检查 基于任务和休息状态的功能磁共振成像、认知测量和自我报告，以确定个人和文化- 水平对CUDS严重程度的影响。这项提议将整合两家领先的大麻公司的独特专业知识 因此，研究人员创造了一个独特的机会来增加我们对 潜在的神经认知机制。儿童心理障碍的个体识别和文化机制研究 跨文化人群可以揭示新的基于大脑的CUD标志，为预防和干预提供信息 发展以及公共卫生政策。

Abstract The growing worldwide burden of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) sharply contrasts the number of brain-based studies on the underlying mechanisms. CUDs are currently the most prevalent of all illicit substance use disorders and long-term abstinence is achieved by less than 20%. Moreover, changes in legal climate across countries warrant direct investigations of potential effects of cannabis-related culture on the mechanisms underlying CUDs. Previous studies in cannabis users by the two PI's suggest a crucial role of abnormal fronto- limbic-parietal brain response during reward processing and cognitive control in the course and maintenance of CUDs. In response to NIH's call for International Research Collaboration on Drug Abuse and Addiction Research, this proposal will bring together two expert PIs from the U.S. and the Netherlands (NL) with focus on neurobiological mechanisms of CUDs. This proposal will leverage the high impact findings by the two PIs in order to determine cross-cultural similarities and differences in mechanisms associated with CUDs. Moreover, it will establish an international collaboration that capitalizes on a unique population of Dutch cannabis users with long-term unhindered access to legal cannabis, compared to a sample of U.S. cannabis users. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches, this proposal will uncover common underlying neurobiological mechanisms in a cross-cultural sample of individuals with CUDs and evaluate their relationship with DSM 5 CUD symptom severity (Specific Aim 1). We will also assess how cultural environmental moderates these mechanisms (Specific Aim 2). To that end, 50 cannabis users from the U.S. (PI Filbey) and 50 matched cannabis users from the NL (PI Cousijn) in addition to 50 matched controls per site will be examined using task-based and resting state fMRI, cognitive measures and self-reports to determine individual and cultural- level effects on the severity of CUDs. This proposal will integrate the unique expertise of two leading cannabis researchers, thereby, creating a unique opportunity to increase our fundamental knowledge of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CUDs. Identification of individual and cultural mechanisms of CUD in a cross-cultural population can reveal new brain-based markers of CUDs that inform prevention and intervention development as well as public health policies.