Harnessing T-junction filtering; bidirectional control of sensory neuron impulse traffic

感觉神经元自然地适应持续的刺激，但利用这种固有的可塑性进行治疗 目的还没有被探索。背根神经节野刺激(GFS)近期临床观察 阻断疼痛，提供一个线索，表明一个未被识别的过程通过DRG调节冲动的传导 因为完全相反，即产生痛苦，将是意料之中的。全球金融体系的悖论现象 止痛表明，我们目前对外周神经元信号传递的理解基本上是 不足的是，一种新的、临床适用的使用依赖神经操作方式正在等待着 发现号。这就是这项提案的目标。感觉神经元也从背部传递逆行冲动。 角至周围组织，在那里它们会引发炎症和组织损伤，例如在类风湿性疾病中 关节炎。因此，我们将探索传入和传出信号传输的双向GFS调制 通过DRG。在三个目标中，我们将通过触发动作电位(AP)来检验GFS的总体假设。 在感觉神经元的体细胞中，降低了其T-连接的内在兴奋性，从而减少了双向 AP通过背根神经节传播，从而产生止痛和阻断神经源性炎症。 在目标1中，我们将首先建立一个大鼠模型，为机械探索奠定基础。政府飞行服务队 止痛将在神经病和骨关节炎的背景下进行测试。测试GFS对逆行的封锁 冲动，我们将确定GFS对类风湿性关节炎模型关节变化的影响。在这些实验中， 检查将通过行为测试和脑功能磁共振成像(FMRI)进行，检查 雄鼠和雌鼠都有。在目标2中，为了确定GFS的确切神经元靶点，我们将测试GFS的激活 感觉神经元胞体，并确定哪些DRG神经元亚型受到GFS的调节以及在哪些亚型 组件(轴突与胞体)这是发生的。目标3将使用电生理方法直接 检测GFS对DRG神经元功能特性的影响，以探讨GFS的作用机制 冲动调节。此外，我们还将探讨CaMKII的作用，并比较GFS在 不同的感觉神经元亚群。 总之，我们提议的实验将为一种新的监管过程建立一个机械基础 控制外周神经系统中的脉冲序列传输。作为分子和电学 神经调节疗法在临床环境中取得进展，了解这一新的调节节点将具有 利用固有的冲动调节系统并将其应用于控制感觉的直接平移效用 和外周炎症性疾病。

Sensory neurons naturally adapt to ongoing stimulation, but harnessing this inherent plasticity for therapeutic purposes has not been explored. The recent clinical observation that dorsal root ganglion field stimulation (GFS) blocks pain, provides a clue that an unrecognized process regulates conduction of impulses through the DRG since exactly the opposite, i.e. production of pain, would be expected. The paradoxical phenomenon of GFS analgesia indicates that our current understanding of peripheral neuron signal transmission is fundamentally insufficient, and that a novel, clinically applicable modality of use-dependent neuronal manipulation awaits discovery. That is the goal of this proposal. Sensory neurons also convey retrograde impulses from the dorsal horn to peripheral tissues, where they trigger inflammation and tissue damage, for instance in rheumatoid arthritis. We will therefore explore bidirectional GFS modulation of both afferent and efferent signal transmission through the DRG. In three Aims, we will test the overall hypothesis that GFS, by triggering action potentials (APs) in the somata of sensory neurons, reduces the intrinsic excitability of their T-junction, which reduces bidirectional propagation of APs through the DRG, and can thereby produce analgesia and block neurogenic inflammation. In Aim 1, we will first develop a rat model in order to lay the groundwork for mechanistic exploration. GFS analgesia will be tested in the setting of neuropathy, and osteoarthritis. To test GFS blockade of retrograde impulses, we will identify GFS effects on joint changes in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. For these experiments, examination will be by behavioral tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain, examining both male and female rats. In Aim 2, to identify the exact neuronal targets of GFS, we will test GFS activation of sensory neuron somata, and determine which DRG neuronal subtypes are modulated by GFS and at which component (axon vs. soma) this takes place. Aim 3 will employ electrophysiological approaches to directly measure the effects of GFS on functional properties of DRG neurons, in order to identify the mechanism of GFS impulse regulation. Additionally, we will explore the role of CaMKII, and we will compare GFS effects between the various sensory neuron subpopulations. Together, our proposed experiments will establish a mechanistic foundation for a novel regulatory process that governs impulse train transmission in the peripheral nervous system. As molecular and electrical neuromodulatory therapies move forward in the clinical setting, understanding this new regulatory node will have direct translational utility for harnessing an inherent impulse regulating system and applying it to control sensory and peripheral inflammatory disorders.