Childhood Risk Factors and Young Adult Competence

项目摘要 使用最多样化的，前瞻性的研究，多国样本到目前为止，这项研究将产生经验 调查结果，以制定一个模型的儿童和家庭层面的调解人和文化层面的主持人的作用， 儿童风险因素和青年能力和适应不良。跨文化比较将为 年轻人适应不良的国内模型。这项拟议中的研究建立在正在进行的 文化纵向研究始于2008年，招募了1，417名8岁儿童及其 来自9个国家（中国、哥伦比亚、意大利、约旦、肯尼亚、菲律宾、瑞典、泰国、 和美国）。从那以后，我们每年都通过采访母亲、父亲和 儿童关于亲子关系，儿童的适应，态度和信仰，以及文化价值观， 原始样品保留率为90%。在下一个项目期间，最初的儿童参与者将是17至 21岁，是理解家庭和文化对决策、风险、能力影响的关键时期， 和机会。我们将每年与年轻人、他们的父母和一位朋友进行访谈， 危害健康和危险行为，以及在教育，工作， 亲密的伙伴关系 本研究的目的有三：（1）检验父母教养方式对冲动性风险行为的影响 确实是普遍的，但只有当“危险行为”的结构是在一个特定的文化方式确定。我们 将创建健康危害和危险行为的档案，在过渡到成年， 在因经济因素而差异很大的文化背景下， 行为和从事危险行为的机会。(2)我们将检验文化 背景温和的早期养育因素和能力和能力的发展之间的关联， 在向成年过渡期间的适应不良。(3)我们将使用实证研究结果来开发一个广泛的模型， 儿童期风险因素与成人-成人能力之间联系的儿童和家庭层面的中介者 和适应不良在最多样化的、前瞻性研究的、跨国的、 到目前为止的样本将具有重大的公共卫生意义，因为这一知识将告知科学界， 了解在向成年过渡期间损害健康和危险行为的病因。这 新的认识将为改善人口健康和福祉的干预措施提供信息。

Project Summary Using the most diverse, prospectively studied, multi-national sample to date, this study will generate empirical findings to develop a model of child- and family-level mediators and culture-level moderators of the role of childhood risk factors and young adult competence and maladaptation. Cross-cultural comparisons will inform domestic models of young adult maladaptation. The proposed research builds on the ongoing Parenting Across Cultures longitudinal study that began in 2008 with recruitment of a sample of 1,417 8-year-old children and their mothers and fathers from 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). We have since assessed families annually through interviews with mothers, fathers, and children about the parent-child relationship, the child’s adjustment, attitudes and beliefs, and cultural values, with 90% retention of the original sample. During the next project period, the original child participants will be 17 to 21 years old, a crucial period for understanding family and cultural influences on decisions, risks, competencies, and opportunities. We will conduct interviews annually with young adults, their parents, and a friend to assess health-compromising and risky behaviors as well as competencies in important domains of education, work, and intimate partnerships. We address three aims: (1) We will test the hypothesis that parenting influences on impulsive risky behaviors are indeed universal, but only when the construct of “risky behaviors” is identified in a culturally specific way. We will create profiles of health-compromising and risky behaviors during the transition to adulthood that are situated in cultural contexts that vary widely with respect to economic factors, norms about the acceptability of different behaviors, and opportunities for engaging in risky behaviors. (2) We will test the hypothesis that cultural contexts moderate associations between early parenting factors and the development of both competence and maladaptation during the transition to adulthood. (3) We will use empirical findings to develop a broad model of child-level and family-level mediators of links between childhood risk factors and young-adult competence and maladaptation. Addressing these three aims in the most diverse, prospectively studied, multi-national sample to date will have major public health implications because this knowledge will inform scientific understanding of the etiology of health-compromising and risky behaviors during the transition to adulthood. This new understanding will inform intervention practices to improve population health and well-being.