COVID-19 Vaccinations and School / Community Resources: Children's Longitudinal Health and Education Outcomes Using Linked Administrative Data

项目摘要/摘要 这项研究将考察对儿童健康、教育和整体福祉的重大干扰 新冠肺炎大流行期间对健康、发展和社会轨迹产生了持久的影响 通过生命周期和长期健康后果的风险。大流行的影响是不均衡的 在儿童中的分配，特别是在种族/族裔和收入方面，预计两者都会 反映并加剧了美国本已很大的健康差距。随着疫苗的不断推出， 在获得和接受疫苗方面的不平等可能会加剧不同的结果。 纽约市(NYC)，那里的100万公立学校的孩子大多是黑人或西班牙裔(66%)和74% 都是低收入者，是本研究的理想落脚点。在健康领域，饮食和身体的变化 运动和错过医疗保健可能会增加肥胖等慢性病的发病率和恶化， 哮喘和糖尿病。大流行产生了压力和焦虑，通常的心理健康状况较少。 可用的服务支持，对新的和更严重的健康问题构成风险。即使放学后也是如此 回到面对面学习，教育的后果预计将是长期的--包括下降 在学业成绩(考试成绩)方面，长期旷课、留级或高中的增加 辍学。这项研究利用了纽约市学生人口健康注册中心(SPHR)，这是一个独特的包容性， 纽约市所有公立学校学生的纵向数据库，由纽约市卫生部和纽约市卫生局联合创建 精神卫生和纽约市教育部检查这些和其他结果。SPHR链接多个 儿童一级的市政数据来源，使我们能够审查COVID大流行对 无数的结果。儿童水平、教室水平和学校水平疫苗接种率的差异的影响将 重要的是要了解，预计社区和学校的特点(收入， 疫苗接种地点、紧急食物来源、露天空间)将减轻(或加剧)持续影响。 确定个人或社区层面的复原力来源，是公共卫生的优先事项。 具体目标是： ·目标1：重点关注差异，确定2-4岁儿童的健康和教育变化 在大流行开始后与大流行前相比，使用一套新的、全面和强大的 链接的子级管理数据。 ·目标2：确定儿童一级、学校一级和社区一级的COVID疫苗接种率 影响COVID大流行的进程，重点关注差异。 ·目标3：确定社区和学校资源在加剧或减轻健康方面的作用 以及COVID大流行造成的教育差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This research will examine how significant disruptions to children’s health, education and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic created lasting influence on health, development and social trajectories through the lifecourse, and the risk for long-term health outcomes. Effects of the pandemic are unevenly distributed amongst children, particularly with respect to race/ethnicity and income, and are anticipated to both reflect and exacerbate the already wide health disparities in the United States. As vaccines continue to roll out, inequality in access to and take up of vaccinations could compound the disparate outcomes. New York City (NYC), where the 1 million public school children are majority Black or Hispanic (66%) and 74% are low-income, is an ideal place to situate this research. In the health domain, changes in diet and physical activity and missed healthcare may increase incidence and exacerbation of chronic diseases like obesity, asthma and diabetes. The pandemic generated stress and anxiety, with fewer of the usual mental health services supports available, posing risk for new and more severe health problems. Even after schools fully return to in-person learning, the educational consequences are expected to be protracted – including declines in academic achievement (test scores), increases in chronic absenteeism, repeating grades, or high school dropout. The research leverages the NYC Student Population Health Registry (SPHR), a uniquely inclusive, longitudinal database of all NYC public school students, created jointly by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and NYC Department of Education to examine these and other outcomes. SPHR links multiple municipal data sources at the child-level, allowing us to examine the influence of the COVID pandemic on myriad outcomes. The impact of variation in child-level, classroom-level and school-level vaccination rates will be important to understand, and it is expected that neighborhood and school characteristics (income, vaccination sites, emergency food resources, open space) will mitigate (or exacerbate) sustained impacts. Identifying sources of resilience, at either the individual or neighborhood level, is a public health priority. The specific aims are: • Aim 1: With a focus on disparities, determine health and education changes among children 2-4 years after pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic using a new, comprehensive and powerful set of linked child-level administrative data. • Aim 2: Determine how child-level, school-level and neighborhood-level COVID vaccination rates influence the course of the COVID pandemic, with a focus on disparities. • Aim 3: Determine the role of neighborhood and school resources in exacerbating or mitigating health and educational disparities due to the COVID pandemic.