Mental Health in Autistic Adults: An RDoC Approach

摘要 自闭症的特征通常是对情绪和强烈刺激的高反应，但也很明显 反应迟钝或反应迟钝，与低反应性一致。该项目使用神经成像技术来测试 机械论模型，在这种模型中，相同的个体在负责 感知情绪和感觉信息，但无法招募负责 生理和行为调节反应(即明显的低反应性)。这种组合产生了 内心持续的，但外表迟钝的反应，类似于被锁在里面，在里面尖叫，但无法 使用典型的执行机制、动力机制和社会机制来规范这些体验。N=200名自闭症患者和100名自闭症患者 非自闭症患者将完成包括听取批评和表扬的任务，列出 情绪词与认知任务交替，观看视觉上强烈的全场图像以及 休息状态评估。目标包括评估大脑系统中早期的高反应性 感知和情绪产生，以及随后与以下区域的低连接和低反应 在认知上、社会上和通过运动动作促进监管控制。一种一体化的机械神经网络 网络模型将被用来检验这种公式是否会产生生态上的个体差异 其他项目中的瞬时评估、动态心理生理学和自我报告的自杀行为。这个 这项工作的潜在意义是消除自闭症患者反应迟钝的想法，以及 更确切地说，他们的大脑非常有反应性，他们无法有效地表达或应对这种反应性。 这一提法可能会导致不同于目前自闭症患者可用的干预方法 社区。

Abstract Autism is frequently characterized by hyper-reactivity to emotional and intense stimuli, but also, apparent shutting down or blunted reactions, consistent with hypo-reactivity. This project uses neuroimaging to test a mechanistic model in which the same individuals display hyper-reactivity in brain networks responsible for perceiving emotional and sensory information, but inability to recruit neural mechanisms responsible for physiological and behavioral regulatory responses (i.e., apparent hypo-reactivity). This combination yields inwardly sustained, but outwardly blunted reactions akin to being locked in, “screaming inside” while unable to use typical executive, motor, and social mechanisms to regulate these experiences. N=200 autistic and 100 non-autistic individuals will complete tasks involving hearing criticism and praise, naming the valence of emotional words in alternation with cognitive tasks, and seeing visually intense full-field images as well as resting state assessment. Aims include assessment of early hyper-reactivity in brain systems responsible for perception and emotion generation, and subsequent hypo-connectivity and hypo-reactivity with regions that facilitate regulatory control cognitively, socially, and through motor actions. An integrative mechanistic neural network model will be used to examine whether this formulation could yield individual differences in ecological momentary assessment, ambulatory psychophysiology, and self-reported suicidality in the other projects. The potential significance of this work is to dispel the idea that autistic individuals have blunted reactions, and rather to say that their brains are very reactive, and they cannot effectively express or cope with this reactivity. This formulation could lead to different approaches to intervention than are currently available to the autistic community.