Sensory Science and Metabolism; Molecular and Neuronal Mechanisms

NINR/NIAAA的感觉科学和代谢科（SenSMet）实验室进行翻译和临床住院和门诊研究。积极的合作，以调查在营养，口味和肥胖共同感兴趣的领域已经进行。具体而言，已与Gibbons博士（NIHGRI）和Hall博士（NIDDK）合作实施了双盲临床方案，其中采用了感觉表型分析方法。此外，新的合作开发，以调查肥胖的神经机制。 感觉系统和慢性疾病。 过量饮酒与不良饮食有关。到目前为止，文献中的报道褒贬不一，必须更详细地了解饮食组成与不同阈值下的酗酒之间的关系（即，饮料的数量）。Khushbu Agarwal和Paule Joseph博士研究了不同酒精摄入阈值，常量营养素组成，热量摄入和人体测量之间的关联。结果表明，与从不/不经常饮酒的人相比，饮酒频率较高的人从碳水化合物中消耗的能量百分比较低（42.11%，41.68%和41.94%）。与从不/不经常饮酒的人（16.67克）相比，每次饮酒超过12杯的参与者摄入的膳食纤维（12.81克）明显较少。高酒精摄入量与饮食习惯和身体成分的差异有关。我们发表了一篇论文，表明肥胖和酒精使用障碍（AUD）的决策缺陷可能有助于立即奖励的选择，尽管它们会产生长期的有害后果。由Khushbu Agarwal博士领导的这项研究的结果表明，BMI和饮酒之间的相互作用在默认模式网络（DMN）的大脑区域以及与自我相关的处理，记忆和显着性归因有关的区域中观察到。相对于肥胖低风险（obesityLR）个体，肥胖高风险（obesityHR）个体也招募了DMN沿着初级运动皮层和与注意力不集中、消极感知和不确定选择有关的区域，这可能促进肥胖高风险个体的冲动选择。此外，与leanHR/leanLR个体相比，肥胖HR也证明了DMN和涉及不确定决策的区域的激活增强（Agarwal等人，2021年）。 博士Agarwal和合作者Kim Steele博士和Susan Carnell开展了一个名为“神经内微生物学研究：减肥手术前后神经生物学改变的初步研究”的项目。我们观察到减肥手术后与MWL后更广泛的fALFF差异。在RYGB后的食物奖励区域中观察到餐后fALFF减少。干预后增加的微生物类群数量最多的是RYGB组，其次是VSG和MWL组。组合的激素、微生物组和MRI数据集最准确地将样本聚类为VSG前与VSG后表型，然后是RYGB受试者。数据表明，手术减肥（VSG和RYGB）对大脑和肠道功能的影响大于MWL，并导致食物相关神经回路的餐后激活较少。VSG受试者在微生物组、rsfMRI和肠道激素特征的相互作用方面具有最大的表型差异，其次是RYGB和MWL。这些结果将为未来研究减肥手术后肠脑变化的前瞻性研究提供信息。 与Lorenzo leggio博士合作，我们撰写了一篇手稿，研究了慢性过量饮酒的非人类灵长类动物模型中的肠道微生物组和代谢组。总的来说，这项研究表明，粪便微生物组和代谢组的变化发生在长期过量饮酒后，并且仅部分受到急性强制戒酒的影响。这些结果提供了关于在受控实验环境中粪便微生物组和代谢组之间关系的新信息，并使用了独特的非人灵长类动物慢性过量饮酒模型。

The Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism (SenSMet) laboratory at NINR/NIAAA conducts translation and clinical inpatient and outpatient studies. Active collaborations to investigate areas of common interest in nutrition, taste, and obesity have been undertaken. Specifically, double-blind clinical protocols for which sensory phenotyping measures have been implemented in collaboration with Dr. Gibbons (NIHGRI) and Dr. Hall (NIDDK). In addition, new collaborations develop to investigate neuronal mechanisms in obesity. Sensory Systems and Chronic Disorders. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with poor diet. There are mixed reports in the literature, so far, and it is imperative to obtain a more detailed understanding of the relationships between diet composition and binge drinking at different thresholds (i.e., number of drinks). Drs. Khushbu Agarwal and Paule Joseph investigated the association between different alcohol consumption thresholds, macronutrient composition, caloric intake, and anthropometric measures from a publicly available dataset. Results showed that higher frequency drinkers consumed a lower percentage of their energy from carbohydrates (42.11%, 41.68%, and 41.94%) compared to never/infrequent drinkers. Participants who drank 12+ drinks/episode consumed significantly fewer grams of dietary fiber (12.81g) compared to never/infrequent drinkers (16.67g). High alcohol intake is associated with differences in eating habits and body composition. We published a manuscript showing that decision-making deficits in obesity and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may contribute to the choice of immediate rewards despite their long-term deleterious consequences. Results from this study led by Dr. Khushbu Agarwal, showed that interaction between BMI and alcohol drinking was seen in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN) and those implicated in self-related processing, memory, and salience attribution. Obesity high risk (obesityHR) relative to obesity low risk (obesityLR) individuals also recruited DMN along with primary motor cortex and regions implicated in inattention, negative perception, and uncertain choices, which might facilitate impulsive choices in obesityHR. Furthermore, obesityHR compared to leanHR/leanLR individuals also demonstrated heightened activation in DMN and regions implicated in uncertain decisions (Agarwal, et al., 2021). Dr. Agarwal and collaborators Dr. Kim Steele and Susan Carnell carried out a project entitled: Neuro-Endo-Microbio-Ome Study: A Pilot Study of Neurobiological Alterations Pre- Versus Post-Bariatric Surgery. We observed more widespread fALFF differences post-bariatric surgery versus post-MWL. Decreased post-prandial fALFF was seen in food reward regions post-RYGB. The highest number of microbial taxa that increased post-intervention occurred in the RYGB group, followed by VSG and MWL groups. The combined hormone, microbiome, and MRI dataset most accurately clustered samples into pre- versus post-VSG phenotypes followed by RYGB subjects. The data suggest surgical weight loss (VSG and RYGB) has a bigger impact on brain and gut function versus MWL and leads to lesser post-prandial activation of food-related neural circuits. VSG subjects had the greatest phenotype differences in interactions of microbiome, rsfMRI, and gut hormone features, followed by RYGB and MWL. These results will inform future prospective research studying gut-brain changes post-bariatric surgery. In collaboration with Dr. Lorenzo leggio, we contributed to a manuscript examining Gut microbiome and metabolome in a non-human primate model of chronic excessive alcohol drinking. Overall, this study showed that changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome occur after significant long-term excessive drinking and are only partially affected by acute forced abstinence from alcohol. These results provide novel information on the relationship between the fecal microbiome and metabolome in a controlled experimental setting and using a unique non-human primate model of chronic excessive alcohol drinking.