LICIT & ILLICIT ABUSED STIMULANT DRUGS

在有药物滥用史的受试者和正常的人类志愿者中提出了一系列的研究，以调查咖啡因与经典的兴奋剂滥用所共有的几种影响。一系列的11项研究将集中在咖啡因、尼古丁和可卡因的临床比较药理学上，这些药物是在一个住宅研究实验室静脉注射给兴奋剂滥用者的。一组四项研究将评估咖啡因、尼古丁和可卡因的静脉注射强化效果。第二组酸味研究将检验急性和长期服用咖啡因、尼古丁和可卡因之间的相互作用。最后，一组三项研究将检查选择性多巴胺能阻滞剂对静脉注射咖啡因、尼古丁和可卡因的影响。在住宅研究的同时，一系列对正常志愿者的非住宅研究将调查咖啡因的身体依赖和强化。一项研究将探索使用脑血流速度和定量脑电图作为咖啡因戒断的敏感生理指标。两项研究将通过评估腺苷介导的挑战药物对咖啡因戒断的影响，以及通过比较咖啡因、茶碱和哌醋甲酯对咖啡因戒断的影响，探索咖啡因戒断的药理学机制。另一项研究将调查逐步减少剂量作为降低咖啡因戒断严重程度的程序。最后，两项研究将使用选择程序来比较口服咖啡因和d-安非他明的强化效应，探索咖啡因和d-安非他明选择的个体差异的相关性，并研究获得咖啡因歧视是否会增强随后的咖啡因选择。鉴于普遍存在的对身体依赖的使用和对普通人群的强化以及制定减少或停止使用咖啡因的计划以及将咖啡因相关健康风险降至最低的计划。这项对咖啡因和其他经典精神运动兴奋剂的研究也将促进我们对兴奋剂药物滥用的药理学和行为机制的理解，并为常用兴奋剂和滥用兴奋剂之间的相互作用提供新的信息。

A series of studies is proposed in subjects with histories of drug abuse and in normal human volunteers to investigate several effects that caffeine shares with classic stimulant drugs of abuse. A series of eleven studies will focus on the comparative clinical pharmacology of caffeine, nicotine and cocaine administered intravenously to stimulant drug abusers on a residential research laboratory. A set of four studies will evaluate the comparative intravenous reinforcing effects of caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. A second set of sour studies will examine interactions between acutely and chronically administered caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. Finally, a set of three studies will examine the effects of a selective dopaminergic blocker on the effects of intravenous caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. Concurrent with the residential studies, a series of non-residential studies in normal volunteers will investigate caffeine physical dependence and reinforcement. One study will explore the use of cerebral blood flow velocity and quantitative EEG as sensitive physiological measures of caffeine withdrawal. Two studies will explore pharmacological mechanisms in caffeine withdrawal by evaluating the effects of an adenosine-mediate challenge drug on caffeine withdrawal and by comparing the effects of caffeine, theophylline and methylphenidate on caffeine withdrawal. Another study will investigate graded dose reduction as a procedure for reducing severity of caffeine withdrawal. Finally, two studies will use choice procedures to compare the reinforcing effects of oral caffeine and d-amphetamine, explore correlates of individual differences in caffeine and d-amphetamine choice, and investigate whether acquisition of a caffeine discrimination enhances subsequent choice of caffeine. Given the widespread elicit use of physical dependence and reinforcement of the general population and in developing caffeine-use reduction or cessation programs as well as programs for minimizing caffeine-associated health risks. This research with caffeine and other classic psychomotor stimulants should also advance our understanding of pharmacological and behavioral mechanisms underlying stimulant drug abuse as well as provide novel information about interactions among commonly used and abused stimulants.