Evaluating the utility of fNIRS in detecting and diagnosing AD/ADRD

项目摘要 美国人口普查局预计，到2034年，65岁以上的人口将达到7700万， 这表明人口正在迅速老龄化。世界卫生组织预测， 到2030年，痴呆症患者将达到8200万人。此外，根据阿尔茨海默氏症 协会，估计有650万人患有阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症， 随着年龄的增长，65至74岁的人中有5.0%，75至84岁的人中有13.1%，85岁的人中有33.2% 老年痴呆症患者1.虽然有一组神经退行性疾病， 痴呆2，轻度认知障碍（MCI）3，额颞叶痴呆谱系障碍4，5，包括 原发性进行性失语6、7和后皮质萎缩8的特征都是语言、认知和 记忆缺陷所有这些人都经历了日常能力的变化或微妙的下降， 然而，这些症状很难被发现，一旦确诊，这些症状就会明显恶化。因此 重要的是要严格评估可以早期检测和诊断退行性疾病的方法， 在首次出现异常和变化的日常活动期间。 为了能够检测和诊断退行性疾病，我们需要能够持续跟踪 人类大脑在日常生活中的功能和行为。在父母补助金中，我们正在开发 “日常世界中的神经科学”硬件，一个集成计算机视觉的fNIRS/EEG系统， 眼动追踪设备，用于测量健康成年人、中风患者或 帕金森病在他们的日常生活中。在本附录中，我们旨在评估 fNIRS作为检查早期语言和认知变化的神经生理机制的工具 在AD/ADRD患者中。在目标1中，我们将扩展我们的可穿戴fNIRS系统，用于测量日常生活中的 健康成人、中风后失语症患者的互动、注意力、工作记忆和行走， 患有AD/ADRD和MCI的成年人。在我们以前工作的基础上，我们将评估大脑皮层活动， AD/ADRD和MCI成年人的对话、行走和知觉任务。我们希望能发现 ADRD和健康年龄匹配对照之间的fNIRS信号（作为父母补助的一部分收集）， 它们执行这些行为任务。在目标2中，我们评估行为（例如，语言 与健康人相比，AD/ADRD成人fNIRS谱中的功能和神经特征 对照我们将比较任务测量的行为表现与fNIRS信号的幅度， 假设具有较高行为表现的AD/ADRD个体将显示更大的fNIRS信号， 相对于那些行为表现较差的人来说。拟议的工作具有很大的影响，因为它 允许在日常生活中检查早期神经功能障碍的神经和行为标志物， 活动，如互动或双任务步行（多任务，而步行），导致未来的研究 了解AD/ADRD早期神经系统变化的机制。

Project Abstract The US Census Bureau projects that people over the age of 65 years will number 77 million by 2034, indicating a rapidly aging population. The World Health Organization projects a steady increase in the number of individuals with dementia, with 82 million individuals by 2030. Further, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, an estimated 6.5 million people are living with Alzheimer’ dementia, and the percentage of dementia increases with age, 5.0% of people age 65 to 74, 13.1% of people age 75 to 84, and 33.2% of people age 85 and older have Alzheimer’s dementia 1. While there are a cluster of neurodegenerative disorders that constitute dementia 2, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)3, fronto-temporal dementia spectrum disorders 4, 5 that includes primary progressive aphasia 6, 7 and posterior cortical atrophy 8 are all characterized by language, cognitive and memory deficits. All these individuals experience changes or subtle decline in their everyday abilities that are hard to detect, however, once diagnosis is made these symptoms have deteriorated significantly. It is therefore important to rigorously evaluate approaches that can detect and diagnose degenerative disorders early and during daily activities where instances of abnormalities and changes first arise. To be able to detect and diagnose degenerative disorders, we need to be able to continuously track human brain function and behavior in the Everyday World. In the parent grant, we are developing the “Neuroscience in the Everyday World” hardware, an fNIRS/EEG system with an integrated computer vision and eye tracking device to measure brain and behavioral function in healthy adults, individuals with stroke or Parkinson’s Disease as they go about their everyday lives. In this supplement, we aim to evaluate the utility of fNIRS as a tool to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying early language and cognitive changes in individuals with AD/ADRD. In Aim 1, we will extend our wearable fNIRS system used to measure everyday interaction, attention, working memory and walking in healthy adults, post-stroke individuals with aphasia to adults with AD/ADRD and MCI. Building on our previous work, we will evaluate cortical activity during conversation, walking and perceptual tasks in adults with AD/ADRD and MCI. We expect to detect differences in the fNIRS signal between ADRD and healthy age-matched controls (collected as part of the parent grant) as they perform these behavioral tasks. In Aim 2, we evaluate the relationship between behavioral (e.g., language and cognitive) function and neural signatures in the fNIRS profiles in adults with AD/ADRD relative to healthy controls. We will compare behavioral performance on the task measures with the magnitude of the fNIRS signal, hypothesizing that individuals with AD/ADRD with higher behavioral performance will show greater fNIRS signal magnitude relative to the ones with poorer behavioral performance. The proposed work has a high impact as it allows the examination of neural and behavioral markers of early neurological dysfunction during everyday activities such as interaction or dual task walking (multi-tasking while walking) leading to future research on understanding the mechanisms of early neurological changes in AD/ADRD.