Destructive Effects of Social Rejection

描述(由调查人员提供)：社会排斥和被社会群体排斥被广泛认为是导致广泛的社会和心理健康问题的原因，包括攻击、药物滥用、自杀和焦虑。这项拟议的研究首先认识到青少年和年轻成年人普遍存在的社会性质，这种性质包括将这些人排除在社会群体之外的强大动机，因此可能会引发各种不正常、反社会、不受欢迎的反应，甚至是病态反应。 这项拟议的研究将主要使用实验室中对社会排斥和排斥的操纵来调查这种常见但往往高度厌恶的经历的直接后果。人们会被随机分配到社会接纳和社会排斥的经历中，比如听说一个特别小组中没有其他成员表示愿意单独与他们合作，或者诊断预测他们以后将独自一人生活。 申请的第一部分建议研究社会排斥如何导致反社会行为(包括攻击性)和远离亲社会行为(如从属和帮助)的转变。第二部分将探讨导致这些行为表现的内在心理过程。受排斥影响的内在过程可能包括自我调节和意志、情绪和被动。拒绝可能会导致抑郁，损害人们对注意力的控制。第三个应用程序将把前两个部分结合在一起，以表明自我调节方面的障碍在反社会反应中起中介作用。申请的第四部分将从拒绝的基础、内化反应与外化反应的基础以及排斥所涉及的社会领域方面审查社会排斥影响中可能存在的性别差异。第五个项目将研究实验室外的社会排斥，以阐明排斥如何影响日常生活中的人。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Social rejection and exclusion from social groups have been widely suggested as contributing to a broad range of societal and mental health problems, including aggression, drug abuse, suicide, and anxiety. The proposed research begins with a recognition of the pervasively social nature of adolescent and young adult human beings, a nature that includes a powerful motivation by excluding such people from social groups may therefore elicit an assortment of abnormal, antisocial, undesirable, and even pathological responses. The proposed research will employ primarily laboratory manipulations of social rejection and exclusion to investigate the direct consequences of this common but often highly aversive experience. People will be exposed by random assignment to experiences of social acceptance and social rejection, such as hearing that no other member of an ad hoc group expressed a preference to work with them individually, or a diagnostic forecast that they will be alone later in life. The first part of the application proposes to study how social exclusion causes a shift toward antisocial behaviors (including aggression) and away from prosocial behaviors (such as affiliating and helping). The second part will investigate inner psychological processes that may contribute to these behavioral manifestations. The inner processes affected by exclusion may include self-regulation and volition, emotion, and passivity. Rejection may promote depression and impair people's control over attention. The third application will pull the first two parts together to show that the impairments in self-regulation mediate the antisocial responses. The fourth part of the application will examine possible gender differences in the effects of social exclusion in terms of the basis for rejection, internalizing versus externalizing responses, and the social sphere implicated in the exclusion. The fifth project will examine social exclusion outside the laboratory, in order to elucidate how exclusion affects people in everyday life.