Environment-person Influences on the Development of Early Alcohol Use and Misuse

描述（由申请人提供）：滥用酒精是青少年和年轻人死亡和受伤的主要可预防因素。青少年早期仍然是开始使用酒精的高度脆弱性时期，通过更好地了解青春期等个人发展影响与社会、学校和家庭环境之间的相互关系，可以实现预防机会。这项为期三年的建议为调查个体差异和环境对儿童晚期和青少年早期饮酒的影响提供了一个独特的机会。2002年，国际青年发展研究（IYDS）从三个队列（大约1000名5年级、7年级和9年级的学生）中收集了5769名学生的数据，采用了匹配的程序，并在华盛顿州和澳大利亚维多利亚州招募了全州代表性样本。每个队列被跟踪了两到三年，结果样本的年龄跨度从10岁到16岁。我们建议研究酒精使用、滥用和其他问题的预测因素的异同。IYDS研究收集的数据质量很高，旨在比较两个州的青少年酒精和药物使用、滥用和其他相关行为问题的流行病学和病因学，这两个州有许多相似之处，但对青少年酒精和药物使用的文化和政策取向却截然不同。一年的随访（以及两年的七年级随访）在这两个州的学生复复率都超过了98%。学生报告还补充了一次家长电话访谈和三份关于参与者所在学校政策背景的学校管理人员报告。最初的拨款（NIDA: R01-DA012140）只允许进行有限的分析和报告，因此可以通过进一步探索这些数据来发表对了解青少年饮酒的宝贵贡献。这些分析将提供关于当地和跨国对青少年早期酒精使用和酒精使用障碍症状的影响的新信息，使人们能够对风险影响和酒精后果进行文化概括调查。将探讨环境的影响（例如，学校政策、家庭饮酒习惯、社会经济地位和农村位置）以及个人影响（例如，青春期发展、行为、个人适应和态度）的影响。该项目还将发表出版物，探讨早期饮酒对酒精使用障碍症状、自杀行为、抑郁、学业成绩和亲社会发展的短期影响。还将对早期饮酒对酒精使用障碍症状发展影响的不同理论解释进行独特的比较分析。该项目将由两个具有成功研究和合作记录的团队完成。确定学校政策和家庭做法等领域可改变的影响，有可能为预防青少年早期使用和滥用酒精提供新的方向。该项目将审查来自两个州（华盛顿州和澳大利亚维多利亚州）的青年代表性样本中酒精使用和药物滥用预测因素的异同。分析将有助于确定学校政策和家庭做法等可改变的影响，这些影响可用于预防这些对公共卫生界至关重要的问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The misuse of alcohol is the major preventable contributor to death and injury for adolescents and young adults. Early adolescence remains a time of high vulnerability for initiating alcohol use and there are prevention opportunities that can be realized by better understanding the interrelationships between individual development influences such as puberty and societal, school and family contexts. This three year proposal provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of both individual differences and context on alcohol use during late childhood and early adolescence. The International Youth Development Study (IYDS) collected data in 2002 from 5,769 students in three cohorts (approximately 1,000 students in Grades 5, 7, and 9) using matched procedures and recruitment of state wide representative samples in Washington state and Victoria, Australia. Each cohort was followed over two and three years resulting in a sample with an age span from age 10 to age 16 years. We propose to examine similarities and differences in predictors of alcohol use, misuse and other problems. The data collected for the IYDS study is of a high quality and was designed to compare the epidemiology and etiology of adolescent alcohol and drug use, abuse, and other related behavior problems in two states selected for their many similarities, yet contrasting cultural and policy orientations toward youth alcohol and drug use. One- year follow-up (and two-year follow-up of the Grade 7 cohort) yielded student resurvey rates of over 98 percent in both states. Student reports were supplemented with a parent telephone interview and three school administrator reports of the policy context of participants' schools. The original grant (NIDA: R01-DA012140) enabled only limited analysis and reporting, hence there are valuable contributions to the understanding of adolescent alcohol use that can be published through further exploration of this data. The analyses will yield new information on the local and cross-national influences on early adolescent alcohol use and symptoms of alcohol use disorders, enabling the cultural generalization of risk influences and alcohol consequences to be investigated. The influence of environment (e.g., school policy, family alcohol practices, socioeconomic status and rural location) will be explored together with the effects of individual influences (e.g., pubertal development, behavior, personal adjustment and attitudes). This project will also yield publications exploring the short-term impact of early alcohol use on symptoms of alcohol use disorders, suicidal behavior, depression, academic achievement and pro-social development. A unique comparative analysis of different theoretical explanations for the influence of early age alcohol use on the development of alcohol use disorder symptoms will also be investigated. The project will be completed by two teams that have a track record of successful research and collaboration. The identification of modifiable influences in areas such as school policy and family practices has the potential to provide new directions for preventing early adolescent alcohol use and misuse. This project will examine similarities and differences in predictors of alcohol use and misuse of substances in representative samples of youth from two states (Washington and Victoria, Australia). Analyses will help identify modifiable influences such as school policy and family practices that can be used to prevent these problems of primary importance to the public health community.