Effect of True Puff Profile Replication on Machine-Generated Smoke Constituents

描述(由申请人提供)：在对标准香烟和潜在的减少暴露产品(PREP)进行人体测试时，通常会测量喷雾地形，并将其编程到吸烟机器(喷雾复制器)中，以模拟人类吸烟。由此产生的烟雾排放要进行有害成分的相对水平测试。使用的喷雾地形数据是汇总数据；即，总喷雾体积除以喷雾数量，得到平均喷雾体积。然后，喷雾复制器被编程为复制平均喷雾，具有稳定的周期性抛物线波形，以及固定的喷雾频率、音量和持续时间。由于人类在消耗棒子时吸烟不同，而且燃烧化学是高度非线性的，用平滑的周期性波形来表示吸烟行为可能会导致烟草烟雾气溶胶的化学成分和物理性质与吸烟者实际产生的不同。它还可能低估了吸烟者接触有害烟雾成分的程度。这是一项测试，与只使用标准平滑的烟尘数据的机器吸烟相比，这项建议旨在测试复制真实的烟尘轮廓是否会导致主流烟雾中选择的挥发性有机和结合颗粒的半挥发性烟雾成分的水平不同。我们还将仅使用标准的平滑烟尘数据来确定复制真实烟尘剖面是否会导致主流烟雾的颗粒尺寸分布与机器吸烟相比有所不同。以前从现有队列中获得的人类烟尘轮廓的样本将被用来使用吸烟机器复制真实的烟尘轮廓和平滑的烟尘轮廓，并将比较每种方案产生的烟雾排放与主流烟雾的选定有毒成分的水平以及细颗粒和超细颗粒的分布。这项研究将有助于优化测试新的和传统的吸烟烟草产品的标准，以便更好地确定人类接触烟草烟雾有害成分的特征。与公众健康相关：在对新的可燃烟草产品进行人体测试时，通常会测量喷烟地形，并将其编程到吸烟机(喷烟复制器)中，以模仿人类吸烟，并对由此产生的烟雾排放进行有害成分相对水平的测试。仅使用具有稳定的周期性抛物线波形以及固定的喷烟频率、体积和持续时间的汇总喷烟数据，可能会低估实际暴露在烟雾毒素中的量。这项研究是确定公共卫生研究界是否应该更换目前使用的设备和程序，并开始在新产品测试中复制真实的泡芙曲线，以更准确地反映人类暴露的第一步。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In human testing of standard cigarettes and potential reduced exposure products (PREPs), puff topography is typically measured and programmed into smoking machines (puff replicators) to mimic human smoking. The resulting smoke emissions are tested for relative levels of harmful constituents. The puff topography data that is used is summary data; that is, the total puff volume is divided by the number of puffs to yield an average puff volume. The puff replicator is then programmed to reproduce the average puff, with steady, periodic parabolic waveform, and a fixed puff frequency, volume, and duration. Because humans smoke differently as the rod is consumed, and combustion chemistry is highly non-linear, representing smoking behavior with a smoothed periodic waveform may result in a tobacco smoke aerosol with different chemical composition and physical properties than that actually generated by the smoker. It may also underestimate the smokers' exposure to harmful smoke constituents. This is a proposal to test if replicating the true puff profile will result in differences in levels of select volatile organic and particle-bound semi-volatile smoke constituents in mainstream smoke, compared to machine smoking using only the standard smoothed puff data. We will also determine if replicating the true puff profile results in differences in the particle size distribution of mainstream smoke compared to machine smoking using only the standard smoothed puff data. A sample of previously acquired human puff profiles from an existing cohort will be used to replicate both the true puff profile and the smoothed puff profile using a smoking machine, and the smoke emissions generated by each protocol will be compared for levels of select toxic components of mainstream smoke, and the distribution of fine and ultra-fine particles. This study will help to optimize standards for testing new and conventional smoked tobacco products in order to better characterize human exposure to harmful components of tobacco smoke. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In human testing of new combustible tobacco products, puff topography is typically measured and programmed into smoking machines (puff replicators) to mimic human smoking and the resulting smoke emissions are tested for relative levels of harmful constituents. Using only the summary puff data, with steady, periodic parabolic waveform, and a fixed puff frequency, volume, and duration, may underestimate actual exposure to smoke toxins. This study is the first step in determining if the public health research community should replace the currently used equipment and procedures and begin replicating the true puff profile in the testing of new products to more accurately reflect human exposure.