Causal and Nonlinear Models of Cancer Risk Among Autoworkers

金属加工液(MWF)是一种复杂的混合物，广泛用于汽车制造、航空航天和各种其他工业中作为润滑剂和冷却剂。尽管存在已知的致癌物质，如油基流体中的氯化物和多环芳烃，以及水基流体中的乙醇胺和亚硝胺，但人类在国际上的接触仍在增加。为了回应国家职业安全与健康研究所1998年提出的降低接触限量的建议，职业安全与健康管理局将MWF添加到其优先考虑的物质清单中，但从未发布正式的指导方针。2004年，美国国家毒理学计划(NIEHS)宣布了对MWF进行长期动物试验的计划，以帮助解决持续暴露带来的致癌风险的挥之不去的不确定性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant).- Metalworking fluids (MWF) are complex mixtures widely used in motor vehicle manufacturing, aerospace and a variety of other industries as lubricants and coolants. Human exposure is increasing internationally despite the presence of known carcinogens, such as chlorinated compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil-based fluids, and ethanolamines and nitrosamines in water-based fluids. In response to a recommendation by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health for reduced exposure limits in 1998, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration added MWF to its list of priority substances for consideration, but formal guidelines were never issued. In 2004, the National Toxicology Program (NIEHS) announced plans for long-term animal testing of MWF to help address lingering uncertainty regarding the carcinogenic risk posed by ongoing exposures.