Development of arousal and attention regulation: Modulation of Motor Activity

该项目的主要目标是了解早期调节运动行为的能力如何形成生命早期运动调节发展的基础，以及这一过程如何通过急性中枢神经系统损伤和发育中神经系统的慢性应激进行修改。它扩展了我们正在进行的工作，通过检查唤醒对运动调节的影响，同时解决与评估和理解发育障碍的早期前兆相关的实际问题。具体目标是：（1）研究自发运动和诱发运动 活动在新生儿时期，包括如何这是调制的唤醒和有关的注意调制在这一时期，（2）研究特定的假设驱动的标记任务，涉及各种感官和环境输入的运动调节从新生儿时期到学龄前（从新生儿到5岁），（3）将生命早期调节运动活动的能力与后来的运动行为的自动调节成分联系起来，（4）评估慢性应激和急性中枢神经系统损伤对运动调节发育过程的影响;（5）将运动调节的研究结果与运动调节的类型相结合， 运动技能的功能障碍，这在我们的高危人群中很普遍。虽然大多数关于高危婴儿和儿童中枢神经系统损伤和运动发育的研究集中在诸如粗大运动障碍的发生率和程度等因素上，但该子项目将通过检查急性和慢性损伤对婴儿调节运动活动能力的影响，超越对运动通路的直接和明显损伤。研究将检查婴儿对早期自发和诱发运动的调节， 在各种感官、认知、环境和社会需求下的行为。该设计是一项纵向前瞻性研究，有2个队列：330名新生儿重症监护室（NICU）新招募的婴儿从出生到34个月进行测试，275名先前招募的儿童从34 - 60个月进行测试。纵向特征的研究和整合运动调节的结果，从新生儿到学龄前儿童的信息，早期损伤，早期注意力调节能力，执行功能和语言发展的承诺，不仅推进理论知识的运动发展和调节，但建议潜在的治疗干预策略。这个子项目将使用来自核心程序的关于自动调节的信息，以及来自子项目II的关于手势和社会交流的信息，因为它们有助于运动调节。

The primary goal of this project is to understand how the early ability to modulate motor behavior forms the basis for the development of motor regulation over the early years of life, and how this process is modified by acute CNS injury and chronic stress on the developing nervous system. It extends our ongoing work by examining arousal effects on motor regulation while addressing practical issues associated with assessment and understanding of early precursors to developmental disabilities. Specific aims are (1) to study spontaneous and elicited motor activity during the neonatal period, including how this is modulated by arousal and related to attention modulation during this period, (2) to study specific hypothesis-driven marker tasks involving various sensory and environmental inputs on motor regulation from the neonatal period through the pre-school years (from newborn to 5 years), (3) to relate the ability to modulate motor activity in the early months of life to later autoregulatory components of motor behavior, (4) to evaluate the effect of chronic stress and acute CNS injury on this developmental process of motor regulation, and (5) to integrate findings on motor regulation with the types of dysfunction in motor skill that are prevalent in our high-risk population. While most studies of CNS injury and motor development in high-risk infants and children concentrate on factors such as incidence and degree of gross motor disabilities, this Subproject will look beyond direct and obvious damage to motor pathways by examining the effects of CNS injury from acute and chronic insult on the infant's ability to modulate motor activity. Studies will examine infants' modulation of early spontaneous and elicited movements, older infants' modulation of motor behavior under various sensory, cognitive, environmental, and social demands. The design is a longitudinal prospective study with 2 cohorts: 330 newly-recruited infants from the NICU tested from birth to 34 months and 275 previously-recruited children tested from 34 - 60 months. The longitudinal character of the study and its integration of motor regulation results from neonates through pre-schoolers with information on early injury, early attention-modulation capacity, and executive-function and linguistic development promise not only to advance theoretical knowledge of motor development and regulation but to suggest potential strategies for therapeutic intervention. This Subproject will use information on autoregulation from Core procedures as well as on gestures and social communication from Subproject II as they contribute to motor regulation.