Population cytogenetics of Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles nili

描述（由申请人提供）：疟疾对非洲大陆的公共卫生和福利具有破坏性影响。减少或消除疟疾影响的一个重要方法是病媒控制。然而，如果不是针对所有主要病媒物种，病媒控制的效率就很低。本文报道了冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae）、冈比亚按蚊（An. arabiensis、阿拉伯隐翅虫An. funestus，安. moucheti和An. nili -是主要的疟疾病媒，因为它们是嗜中性的，对恶性疟原虫敏感。一个. gambiae、冈比亚角隐翅虫An. arabiensis，和一枝枝兰（An.在细胞遗传学和分子标记的帮助下，正在对funestus进行深入研究。一个. moucheti和An. nili受到的关注要少得多，因为缺乏精确描述物种多样性和种群结构所需的工具。这项建议提供了一个独特的机会，开发细胞遗传学研究工具，并评估其有效性的分类和人口遗传学研究被忽视的疟疾病媒。moucheti和An. nili。用于推断按蚊分类和种群状况的常用标记包括染色体倒位和微卫星。减少的重组和选择可以影响倒位内或倒位断点附近的基因座，导致基因流的估计可能显著偏离基于基因组中其他位置的基因座的估计。因此，微卫星标记相对于多态倒位的物理位置是解释群体遗传结构的重要信息。将采用创新办法，为疟疾病媒绘制下一代高质量的细胞遗传学和物理图谱。除了传统的细胞遗传学和绘图方案外，该项目还将利用一种新的高压方法来制备多线染色体扩散和引物原位标记（PRINS），该方法基于引物介导的DNA合成并用于各种生物体的染色体。多线染色体、倒位断点和微卫星标记的综合图谱将彻底改变被忽视的疟疾媒介的人口研究。利用这些地图，拟议的项目将测试一个假设，即有反转的成员之间的差异安。moucheti和An. nili集团。简而言之，这一R21建议的具体目标是1.制作疟疾病媒An的高分辨率细胞遗传学照片图。moucheti和An. nili。2.确定分类地位和成员的人口结构的An。moucheti和An. nili组使用固定和多态倒置。3.确定微卫星标记的染色体定位。moucheti和An. nili关于多态反转。疟疾对非洲大陆的公共卫生和福利具有破坏性影响。减少或消除疟疾影响的一个重要方法是病媒控制。这项建议提供了一个独特的机会，开发细胞遗传学研究工具，并评估其有效性的分类和人口遗传学研究被忽视的疟疾病媒。moucheti和An. nili。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in the African continent. An important approach for reducing or eliminating malaria impact is vector control. However, vector control is inefficient if not all major vector species are targeted. Mosquitoes of subgenus Cellia - Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. moucheti, and An. nili - are the major malaria vectors because they are anthropophilic and susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum. An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are being intensively studied with the help of cytogenetic and molecular markers. An. moucheti and An. nili have received significantly less attention because the tools needed to precisely characterize species diversity and population structure are lacking. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to develop cytogenetic research tools and to assess their effectiveness for taxonomic and population genetics studies of the neglected malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili. The commonly used markers for inferring anopheline taxonomic and population status include chromosomal inversions and microsatellites. Reduced recombination and selection can influence loci within inversions or near inversion breakpoints, resulting in estimates of gene flow that may depart significantly from those based on loci elsewhere in the genome. Therefore, the physical location of microsatellite markers with respect to polymorphic inversions is important information for interpreting population genetic structure. Innovative approaches will be used for developing next-generation-quality cytogenetic and physical maps for malaria vectors. In addition to the traditional cytogenetic and mapping protocols, the project will utilize a novel high-pressure method to prepare polytene chromosome spreads and the primed in situ labeling (PRINS), which is based on a primer-mediated DNA synthesis and used on chromosomes of various organisms. Integrated maps of polytene chromosomes, inversion breakpoints, and microsatellite markers will revolutionize population studies of the neglected malaria vectors. Using these maps, the proposed project will test a hypothesis that there are inversion differences among members of the An. moucheti and An. nili groups. Briefly, the specific aims of this R21 proposal are to 1. Develop high-resolution cytogenetic photomaps for the malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili. 2. Determine the taxonomic status and population structure of members of the An. moucheti and An. nili groups using fixed and polymorphic inversions. 3. Identify the chromosomal locations of microsatellite markers for An. moucheti and An. nili with respect to polymorphic inversions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Malaria has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in the African continent. An important approach for reducing or eliminating malaria impact is vector control. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to develop cytogenetic research tools and to assess their effectiveness for taxonomic and population genetics studies of the neglected malaria vectors An. moucheti and An. nili.