Toddler Feeding Styles

超重是一个严重的公共卫生问题，早在幼儿时期就开始了，并在整个生命中对健康和发育产生负面影响。尽管亲子互动模式会影响儿童的成长和行为，但大多数超重预防计划只关注饮食和体育活动，很少关注喂养方式，即家庭在用餐时建立的社会情感环境。该应用程序利用了最近资助的随机对照试验提供的独特机会，与妇女，婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）合作，防止低收入幼儿体重快速增加。总体目标是研究低收入家庭的幼儿喂养方式。具体目标是：1）检查低收入母亲使用的喂养方式，并确定与喂养方式相关的照顾者和儿童特征，2）评估喂养方式如何与幼儿体重和快速体重增加相关，3）检查喂养方式是否通过干预措施改变，以防止幼儿体重快速增加。一个多模式的过程将被用来衡量喂养和养育方式，包括母亲的自我报告和家访与母亲和他们的幼儿在吃饭和玩耍的录像观察。该项目涉及288名低收入的母亲、父亲和幼儿，在12-30个月时招募，并随访12个月。在基线评估后，家庭将被随机分配到三个8阶段干预组（母亲饮食和活动，育儿/幼儿和安全）之一，并在招募后6个月和12个月进行随访评估。除了现有项目支持的体重、身高和饮食摄入量的变化外，拟议项目还将在基线和两次后续评估期间评估喂养方式。通过关注照顾者幼儿互动模式如何与幼儿体重和体重增加相关，拟议的研究将提高我们对喂养方式和策略的理解，以促进幼儿健康成长和避免超重。超重通常早在蹒跚学步时就开始了，使儿童走上了通往肥胖的消极道路。大多数干预措施包括对饮食和体育活动的建议，很少关注被称为喂养方式的社会情绪用餐环境模式。对喂养方式的关注解决了喂养发生的互动环境，并提供了有关导致体重快速增加的机制的信息，这些机制可以纳入随后的干预措施，以在生命早期建立健康的饮食模式。

Overweight is a serious public health problem that begins as early as toddlerhood, and has negative health and developmental consequences throughout life. Although caregiver-child interaction patterns influence children's growth and behavior, most overweight prevention programs have focused exclusively on diet and physical activity, with little attention to feeding styles, the socio-emotional environment that the family establishes around meals. This application takes advantage of a unique opportunity afforded by a recently funded randomized controlled trial to prevent rapid weight gain among low-income toddlers in collaboration with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program among Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The overall aim is to examine feeding styles among low-income families of toddlers. The specific aims are: 1) to examine the feeding styles used by low-income mothers of toddlers and to identify caregiver and child characteristics associated with feeding styles, 2) to assess how feeding styles are related to toddler weight and rapid weight gain, and 3) to examine whether feeding styles are altered by an intervention to prevent rapid weight gain among toddlers. A multimodal process will be used to measure feeding and parenting styles, including maternal self-report and home visits with videotaped observations of mothers and their toddlers during meal and playtime. The proposed project involves 288 low-income mothers, fathers, and toddlers, recruited at 12-30 months and followed for 12 months. Following a baseline evaluation, families will be randomized to one of three 8-session intervention groups (maternal diet and activity, parenting/toddler, and safety), with follow-up evaluations 6 and 12 months following recruitment. In addition to changes in weight, height, and dietary intake supported by an existing project, the proposed project will evaluate feeding styles at baseline and during the two follow-up evaluations. By focusing on how caregiver toddler interaction patterns are related to toddler weight and weight gain, the proposed study will enhance our understanding of feeding styles and strategies to promote healthy growth and avoid overweight among toddlers. Overweight often begins as early as toddlerhood, setting children on a negative pathway toward obesity. Most interventions include recommendations on diet and physical activity, with little attention to the socio-emotional mealtime environment patterns, known as feeding styles. A focus on feeding styles addresses the interactive context in which feeding occurs and provides information on mechanisms leading to rapid weight gain that can be built into subsequent interventions to establish healthy dietary patterns early in life.