Parenting and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in Context

旨在减少青少年健康风险的干预措施往往以育儿和家庭功能为目标。 然而，生态方法将表明，旨在改善家庭功能的干预措施 专门针对家庭的干预可能比针对导致疾病的背景的干预效率低 家庭功能障碍。根据这一观点，并鉴于越来越多的证据表明， 居住对家庭动态和青少年健康有重大影响，拟议的研究将 在社区的背景下检查青少年的健康危险行为及其家族前驱。vbl.使用 来自芝加哥社区人类发展项目(PHDCN)的数据--一项创新研究 专门设计在城市社区的背景下研究青少年的发展-我们将 使用多层建模解决以下研究问题：(1)邻里关系是否混乱 (例如，贫穷、犯罪、社会混乱)预测青少年的健康危险行为(药物使用、犯罪、 危险的性行为)？家庭功能障碍(父母教养不力、家庭冲突、父母抑郁、 父母健康危险行为)解释了邻里混乱和青少年之间的联系 健康危险行为？(2)背景支持(同伴社会支持和机构资源)是否提供 缓冲社区混乱对家庭功能的不利影响？(3)是否与背景有关 支持(邻里集体效能、家庭外社会支持、机构资源)提供缓冲 针对家庭功能障碍对青少年健康危险行为的不利影响？总括而言，建议的 这项研究将审查未来干预措施可能针对的三个背景领域： 社区组织混乱、父母支持系统和青少年支持系统。该样本是一个 来自芝加哥的社会经济和种族/民族多样化的青少年群体(n=2344)。青少年， 他们的年龄分别为9岁、12岁或15岁，他们的父母在6年内接受了3次访谈。 社区层面的信息来自对居民的单独调查，以及观察性评级 由训练有素的数据收集者制作。

Interventions designed to reduce adolescent health risks often target parenting and family functioning. However, an ecological approach would suggest that interventions aimed at improving family functioning that exclusively target the family may be less efficient than interventions that target the contexts that give rise to family dysfunction. In keeping with this perspective, and in light of growing evidence that neighborhood residence has significant implications for family dynamics and adolescent health, the proposed study will examine adolescent health risk behaviors and their familial antecedents in the context of neighborhoods. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) — an innovative study designed specifically to study adolescent development in the context of urban neighborhoods — we will address the following research questions using multilevel modeling: (1) Does neighborhood disorganization (e.g., poverty, crime, social disorder) predict adolescent health risk behaviors (substance use, delinquency, risky sexual behavior)? Does family dysfunction (ineffective parenting, family conflict, parent depression, parent health risk behaviors) explain associations between neighborhood disorganization and adolescent health risk behaviors? (2) Do contextual supports (peer social support and institutional resources) provide a buffer against the adverse effects of neighborhood disorganization on family functioning? (3) Do contextual supports (neighborhood collective efficacy, extra-familial social support, institutional resources) provide a buffer against the adverse effects of family dysfunction on adolescent health risk behaviors? In sum, the proposed study will examine three contextual domains that could potentially be targeted in future interventions: neighborhood disorganization, parents’ support systems, and adolescents’ support systems. The sample is a socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse group of adolescents from Chicago (n = 2,344). Adolescents, who were aged 9, 12 or 15 at baseline, and their parents were interviewed 3 times over 6 years. Neighborhood-level information comes from a separate survey of residents, as well as observational ratings made by trained data collectors.