COVID-19 Vaccinations and School / Community Resources: Children's Longitudinal Health and Education Outcomes Using Linked Administrative Data

项目总结/摘要 这项研究将探讨如何重大破坏儿童的健康，教育和整体福祉 在COVID-19大流行期间，对健康、发展和社会轨迹产生了持久影响 以及长期健康结果的风险。大流行病的影响是不均衡的 分布在儿童中，特别是在种族/民族和收入方面，预计这两个方面 反映并加剧了美国已经很大的健康差距。随着疫苗的不断推出， 在获得和接受疫苗接种方面的不平等可能加剧不同的结果。 纽约市（NYC），那里的100万公立学校的孩子大多数是黑人或西班牙裔（66%）和74% 是低收入人群，是开展这项研究的理想场所。在健康领域，饮食和身体的变化 活动和错过的医疗保健可能会增加肥胖等慢性疾病的发病率和恶化， 哮喘和糖尿病。大流行病造成了压力和焦虑， 提供服务支持，构成新的和更严重的健康问题的风险。即使在学校完全 回归面对面学习，教育后果预计将是长期的-包括下降 在学术成就（考试成绩），增加长期缺勤，留级，或高中 辍学生这项研究利用了纽约市学生人口健康登记处（SPHR），一个独特的包容性， 所有纽约市公立学校学生的纵向数据库，由纽约市卫生部和 心理卫生和纽约市教育部检查这些和其他结果。SPHR链接多个 儿童层面的市政数据源，使我们能够研究COVID大流行对儿童的影响。 无数的结果儿童一级、教室一级和学校一级疫苗接种率的差异将 重要的是要了解，预计邻里和学校的特点（收入， 疫苗接种点、紧急粮食资源、开放空间）将减轻（或加剧）持续影响。 在个人或社区层面确定复原力的来源是公共卫生的优先事项。 具体目标是： ·目标1：以差异为重点，确定2-4岁儿童的健康和教育变化 使用一套新的、全面的和强有力的 链接的子级管理数据。 ·目标2：确定儿童、学校和社区的COVID疫苗接种率 影响COVID大流行的进程，重点是差异。 目标3：确定社区和学校资源在加剧或减轻健康方面的作用 和教育差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This research will examine how significant disruptions to children’s health, education and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic created lasting influence on health, development and social trajectories through the lifecourse, and the risk for long-term health outcomes. Effects of the pandemic are unevenly distributed amongst children, particularly with respect to race/ethnicity and income, and are anticipated to both reflect and exacerbate the already wide health disparities in the United States. As vaccines continue to roll out, inequality in access to and take up of vaccinations could compound the disparate outcomes. New York City (NYC), where the 1 million public school children are majority Black or Hispanic (66%) and 74% are low-income, is an ideal place to situate this research. In the health domain, changes in diet and physical activity and missed healthcare may increase incidence and exacerbation of chronic diseases like obesity, asthma and diabetes. The pandemic generated stress and anxiety, with fewer of the usual mental health services supports available, posing risk for new and more severe health problems. Even after schools fully return to in-person learning, the educational consequences are expected to be protracted – including declines in academic achievement (test scores), increases in chronic absenteeism, repeating grades, or high school dropout. The research leverages the NYC Student Population Health Registry (SPHR), a uniquely inclusive, longitudinal database of all NYC public school students, created jointly by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and NYC Department of Education to examine these and other outcomes. SPHR links multiple municipal data sources at the child-level, allowing us to examine the influence of the COVID pandemic on myriad outcomes. The impact of variation in child-level, classroom-level and school-level vaccination rates will be important to understand, and it is expected that neighborhood and school characteristics (income, vaccination sites, emergency food resources, open space) will mitigate (or exacerbate) sustained impacts. Identifying sources of resilience, at either the individual or neighborhood level, is a public health priority. The specific aims are: • Aim 1: With a focus on disparities, determine health and education changes among children 2-4 years after pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic using a new, comprehensive and powerful set of linked child-level administrative data. • Aim 2: Determine how child-level, school-level and neighborhood-level COVID vaccination rates influence the course of the COVID pandemic, with a focus on disparities. • Aim 3: Determine the role of neighborhood and school resources in exacerbating or mitigating health and educational disparities due to the COVID pandemic.