CDC MENTORED PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH SCIENTIST DEVELOPMENT AWARD

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年以证人或受害者的身份遭受暴力侵害的情况日益普遍，并给青年带来各种各样的负面后果，包括从事艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为的可能性增加，例如安全套使用率低、与多名伴侣发生性关系以及在酒精或其他物质的影响下进行性行为。不应低估迄今为止关于接触暴力和艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为的研究对公共卫生的重要性；然而，本研究的一些方法上的局限性，最明显的是依赖于回顾性、横断面或短期纵向设计，以及只关注一种类型的暴力暴露或一种艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为，这极大地限制了本研究对艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防工作的政策意义。利用先进的定量方法，结合“儿童虐待和忽视纵向研究”（LONGSCAN）的严谨方法，这是一组合作的儿童虐待和忽视项目，追踪了美国5个地点的1354名儿童，拟议的K01项目旨在研究受虐待青少年暴力暴露的不同发展轨迹。具体轨迹在多大程度上能更好地预测青少年参与艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为的水平，以及背景变量在调节这些轨迹中的作用。反过来，拟议分析的结果，以及有暴力暴露风险的青年家庭和为他们服务的从业人员的反馈，将为制定针对有累积和长期暴力暴露高风险青年家庭的人工艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防方案提供信息。预防计划和相关手册将作为后续拨款申请的基础，该申请旨在通过随机临床试验对预防计划的有效性进行试点测试。根据疾病控制和预防中心概述的健康保护目标，该K01提供的研究计划、培训活动和指导将通过解决与青少年儿童相关的两个主要公共问题，增加准备成为健康、安全、独立和有生产力的社会成员的青少年人数。美国青少年暴力发生率的上升，以及参与与艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播有关的行为的相关风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent exposure to violence, either as a witness or victim, is increasingly common and associated with a wide range of negative outcomes for youth, including increased likelihood of engaging in HIV/AIDS risk behaviors, such as low rates of condom use, having sex with multiple partners, and engaging in sexual behaviors while under the influence of alcohol or other substances. The public health importance of research to date on violence exposure and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors should not be minimized; however, several methodologicallimitations of this research, most notably the reliance on retrospective, cross- sectional, or short-term longitudinal designs, as well as the narrow focus on only one type of violence exposure or one HIV/AIDS risk behavior, significantly limit the policy implications of this work for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Utilizing advances in quantitative methods, in combination with the methodological rigor of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), a set of collaborating child abuse and neglect projects following 1,354 children in 5 locations acrossthe United States, the proposed K01 project aims to examine different developmental trajectories of violence exposure among maltreated youth, the extent to which specific trajectories better predict levels of involvement in HIV/AIDS risk behaviors in adolescence, and the role of contextual variables in moderating these trajectories. In turn, findings from the proposed analyses,as well as feedback from families of youth at-risk for violence exposure and the practitioners who serve them, will inform the development of a manualized HIV/AIDS prevention program targeting families of youth at high-risk for cumulative and chronic exposure to violence. The prevention program and associated manual will serve as the foundation for a subsequent grant application which will aim to pilot test the efficacy of the prevention program in a randomized clinical trial. Consistent with Health Protection Goals outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the research plan, training activities, and mentorship afforded by this K01 will increase the number of adolescents who are prepared to be healthy, safe, independent and productive members of society by addressing two major public issues of relevance for adolescent children, the rising rates of youth violence exposure in the U.S. and the associated risk for engaging in behaviors linked with the transmission of HIV/AIDS.